氮肥运筹对水稻氮素吸收和稻田渗漏液氮素浓度影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Management on Rice Nitrogen Uptake and Nitrogen Concentrations in the Leachate from Rice Field

作　　者：潘圣刚[1] 曹凑贵[1] 蔡明历[1] 翟晶[1] 王若函[1] 黄圣齐[1] 高艮亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部华中农业大学作物生理生态与栽培重点开放试验室,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2009年第10期2145-2150,共6页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重大科技资助项目((2004BA520A02)

摘　　要：通过大田试验,设计3个不同氮肥水平(0、150、240kg N·hm-2)和两种不同施肥比例(基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗粒肥=40%∶30%∶30%、基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗粒肥=30%∶20%∶50%),研究了氮肥运筹对水稻氮素吸收和稻田渗漏液氮素浓度的影响。结果表明,稻田渗漏液中NH4+-N、NO3--N和总N浓度在施肥后第3d达到最大、随后降低,在施氮后的第7d,分别降为峰值的5.6%～16.9%、13.8%～22.5%、22.5%～34.5%。施氮水平处于0～240kgN·hm-2时,水稻产量、氮素积累总量(total N accumulation,TNA)和稻田渗漏液NH4+-N、NO3--N和总N浓度随着氮素水平的提高而显著增加;在较高氮肥水平(240kgN·hm-2)下,与氮肥前移相比(基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗粒肥=40%∶30%∶30%),采用氮肥后移(基肥∶分蘖肥∶穗粒肥=30%∶20%∶50%)的施肥比例,水稻产量和成熟期TNA分别增加6.2%和16.4%,稻田渗漏液NO3--N及总N浓度分别降低8.9%和4.8%,而对NH4+-N浓度影响不显著,说明适宜的氮肥运筹可以增加水稻的产量和氮素吸收,减少氮素渗漏损失。Effects of nitrogen management on rice nitrogen uptake and nitrogen concentration in the leachate from rice field were examined by a field experiment. In this study, the nitrogen was applied in three splits as 40%basal, 30% at 10 days after transplanting （DAT）, 30% 36 DAT and 30% basal, 20% 10 DAT, 50% 36 DAT at three N rates as 0, 150, 240 kgN·hm^-2. The results showed that three N concentrations （NH4＋-N, NO3--N and total N ）in the leachate reached the highest on the third day after fertilizer application, and thereafter decreased. Three N concentrations at 7th day were separately in ranges of 5.6%~16.9%, 13.8%~22.5% ,22.5%~34.5% at the third day. Grain yield, nitrogen uptake and three N concentrations in the leachate were significantly increased as the N rates increased from 0 to 240 kgN·hm^-2. At the N rate of 240 kgN·hm^-2, grain yield and nitrogen uptake were 6.2% and 16.4% higher when the nitrogen was applied in three splits as 30% basal, 20% 10 DAT, 50% 36 DAT, compared with that of the N splits as 40%basal, 30% 10 DAT, 30% 36 DAT. However, the concentrations of NO3--N and total N in the leaehates were 8.9% and 4.8% lower in former splits than the latter splits, respectively. No obvious differences in the NH2-N concentration in the leaehates were observed among different N splits. The results revealed that appropriate fertilizer application in three splits as 30% basal, 20%10 DAT, 50% 36 DAT could increased grain yield, nitrogen uptake and decreased nitrogen leaching loss.

关 键 词：氮肥运筹 水稻 氮素吸收 渗漏液 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]