橡胶树炭疽菌生物学和侵染特征研究  

Biology of Colletotrichum gloeosproioides of Hevea brasiliensis

作　　者：冯淑芬[1] 刘秀娟[1] 郑服丛[1] 张开明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院植保所,海南儋州571737

出　　处：《热带作物学报》1998年第2期7-14,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

摘　　要：橡胶树炭疽病是危害我国橡胶树的一种重要叶部病害，致病菌为胶孢炭疽菌（Colletotrichuimgloeosporioides（pen2）Sacc）。对其生物学特性研究结果表明，在28℃下，有利于菌丝休生长、产孢和孢子萌发。最适合菌丝体生长的pH值为6。黑暗下有利于孢子萌发和菌丝体生长，但产孢则不如在光照条件下。在100％相对湿度下孢子萌发率最高。在葡萄糖、橡胶叶汁和琼脂胶等营养液中，孢子萌发率高于清水对照。对其侵染特征研究结果表明，主要侵染源为受害嫩梢和半枯死枝条，寄主范围广泛。病菌可从伤口、气孔和表皮3种途径入侵，风雨是传播媒介。潜育期一般3～6d，条件最适宜时潜育期为1～2d。田间气温21～24℃、相对湿度大于95％时，病菌产孢多，侵入迅速，病斑扩展快。The epidemic of anthracnose of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis ) caused by Collectotrichium gloeosporioides Penz. outbroke mainly in the plantations with susceptible clones in the west district of Guangdong Province, Wuzhi Mountain district and northwest coastal district of Hainan Island. The optimum conditions for the growth and development of the C. gloeosporioides were:temperature 28℃ , RH100% and pH 6. Darkness favoured spore sermination and mycelial growth, but not sporulation. C. gloeosporioides had higher spore germination rate in glucose, the extracts of rubber tree leaves and agar than in the water control. C. gloeosporioides mainly infected young leaves and withered twigs of rubber trees and had a wide host range. Infection mainly occurred through wound, stomata and epidermis, and wind and rainfall were the vectors for spread of the pathogen. C. gloeosporioides generally had a latent period of 3 to 6 days, the optimum being 1 to 2 days, and sporulated well at the field temperatures of 21~24℃ and RH greater than 95%, resulting in rapid infection of the pathogen and quick spread of the lesion.

关 键 词：胶孢炭疽菌 生物学特性 侵染特征 橡胶树 

分 类 号：S435.76[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S794.101[农业科学—植物保护]