香草兰根腐病生防菌筛选及防治试验  

Screening and Test of Biocontrol Agents Against Vanilla Root Rot

作　　者：曾会才[1] 张开明[1] 文衍堂[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院植保所,海南儋州571737 [2]华南热带农业大学农学院植保系,海南儋州571737

出　　处：《热带作物学报》1998年第2期65-69,共5页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

摘　　要：室内平板对峙培养测定显示，枯草杆菌（Bacillussubtilis）OBS—2和1．936菌株对尖镰孢香草兰专化型（Fusariumoxysporumf．sp．vanillae）和腐皮镰孢（F．solani）产生明显的拮抗带。在盆栽生防试验中，OBS—2菌株水剂浸根＋OBS—2甘蔗渣制剂或稻秆制剂处理30d的防效分别为82．1％和93．7％，1．936菌株作同样处理的防效分别是54．1％和45．1％，蚀脉尖镰孢（F．oxysporumf．sp．niveum）水剂浸根的防效为41．3％。在田间小区生防试验中，OBS—2菌株水剂浸根＋OBS—2甘蔗制剂处理38d的防效为59．7％，1．936菌株作同样处理的防效为38．8％，蚀脉尖镰孢水剂是根的防效为41．7％。Root rot of vanilla caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae and F. Solani is the most serious disease of vanilla widely distributed in vanilla plantations in China.Three strains of Trichoderma spp. and two strains of Bacillus subtilis and one strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens were assayed to test their biocontrol potentiality against the pathogens in vitro. Of all the strains,only strains OBS-2 and 1. 936 of Bacillus subtil is showed significantly inhibiting activity on the above pathogens in dual culture. In greenhouse pot trials,dipping of vanilla cuttings roots with the OBS-2 solution +application of OBS-2 bagasse preparations or OBS-2 rice stem preparations gave a 82.1% or 93.7% biocontrol effect at 30 days after treatment. Similar treatment with strain 1.936 produced a 54.1% or 45.1% biocontrol effect. Presoaking of roots of vanilla cuttings with the solution of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum 940304 yieded a 41.3% biocontrol effect at 30 days after treatment. In the field trials,soaking of vanilla cuttings roots with solution of OBS-2 and applying with OBS-2 baggasse preparations resulted in a 59.7% biocontrol effect while similar treatment with strain 1.936 only gave a 38.8% biocontrol effect,and presoaking of roots of vanilla cuttings with strain 940304 showed a 41.7%biocontrol effect at 38 days after treatment. Results showed that the native isolated strain OBS-2 of Bacillus subtilis is superior to the strain 1.936 provided from Beijing in the biocontrol potentiality.

关 键 词：香草兰根腐病 生防菌筛选 防治 

分 类 号：S573.9[农业科学—作物学] S435.73