牦牛杂种优势利用新途径研究报告  

A Scientific Report on Yak Superiority Hyhridization towards New Routes of Utilization

作　　者：周名海[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省草原研究所

出　　处：《四川草原》1998年第4期33-41,共9页Journal of Sichuan Grassland

摘　　要：本项研究提出了牦牛种间杂交的新途径（黑白花牛冻精×藏黄牛×牦牛，即三元杂交）。揭示了含１／２黑白花牛血液的杂种藏黄公牛（黑白花牛冻精×藏黄牛，以下简称杂种藏黄公牛）从半农半牧区引入高寒牧区后，有良好的适应性。它与牦牛自然交配，繁殖成活率４１４１％，比用“冻配”技术生产犏牛提高１７７１个百分点。自然交配繁殖的Ｆ１代犏牛杂种优势明显，初生重较大，公、母分别为２０２５±２６１ｋｇ、１９９５±２８４ｋｇ，相应比牦牛高６７５、６７０ｋｇ；生长发育快，２５岁时公、母体重分别为３１０７８±６８８ｋｇ、３０５７９±１４１６ｋｇ，比同龄牦牛相应重１２６４８和１４９９２ｋｇ；母犏牛２～３岁可初配，３～４岁挤奶，比牦牛提前１～２岁挤奶；第一胎（１８３天）挤奶量６５９３６ｋｇ±４１３４ｋｇ，为同胎次母牦牛的２６５倍、同胎次母黄犏牛的１７２倍。The study has put forward a new route towards the hybridization rate between yak breeds (by using frozen spermatozoa of black and white cattle breeds×Tibetan yellow cattle×yak breeds,i.e. Three-Element hyoridizaional cycle).And has brought to light the hybrid Tibetan yellow cattle bull breeds tha having 1/2 blood origin from the black & white cattle breeds (black & white cattle breeds frozen spermatozoa×Tibetan yellow cattle breeds),we briefly called them as hybridized Tibetan yellow cattle bull breeds in the following passage of this paper) whenever after introduction into alpine pastoral regions from the half-by-half farming,then we could have somewhat better adaptability,more or less.The fore-mentioned hybrid breeds were intercrossed with yak naturally,their survival rate after reproduction was 41.41%,raised to 17.71% higher than that of the Pian Niu offsprings(those are offsprings of bull & female yak by using “frozen spermatozoon crossing” technique).The superiority rate of F 1 generation of Pian Niu hybrid after natural reproduction was stated to be obviousrly:the first-born cattle was relatively heavier in body-weight,of which the masculine and feminine were calculated 20.25±2 61 and also 19 95±2 84 kg respectively;and correspondingly taller than 6 75 and 6 70 kg respectively in yaks in trial,of course,correspondingly by their growth and developmental rates being somewhat faster,at the age of 2 5 years old,the female body-weights were 310 73±6 88 & 305 79±14 16 kg heavier.In comparison with the same aged yak,the corresponding body-weights were 126 48 & 149 92 kg;the female Pian Niu could be used for the first time crossing at the respective ages of 2 to 3 years old,when used for milking at the respective ages of 3～4 years old,their milking age could be advanced earlier than 1～2 years old;the milking weights of the first foetus(183 days longer) were weighted at 659 36 and±41 34 kg,being 2 65 folds of the male yak at the same embryonic age of female yak,and having 1 72 folds

关 键 词：牦牛 杂种藏黄公牛 F1代犏牛 适应性 繁殖成活率 

分 类 号：S823.85[农业科学—畜牧学] S823.3[农业科学—畜牧兽医]