先秦汉语叹词试论  

A Brief Discuss on the Interjections in Pre-Qin Chinese

作　　者：武振玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学文学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《吉林师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2009年第5期69-71,共3页Journal Of Jilin Normal University:Humanities & Social Science Edition

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目(编号:07JA740014);吉林省社会科学基金项目(编号:2008BWX05);吉林大学哲学社会科学精品项目(编号:2006JP05)

摘　　要：叹词是汉语词类系统中比较特别的一个小类,甲骨文中是否已见,各家尚有不同意见。西周金文已可肯定有叹词(■、乌虖、■、已),唯个体数量和出现频率均有限。先秦十二部传世文献中计有30个叹词,出现261次。就出现频率看,除"呜呼"很多见,"於、咨、嗟、俞、噫、嘻、嗟乎、吁"略多见外,其余各词均在10次以下(多数只一两见)。就分布看,除"呜呼"见于七部典籍,"吁、嘻、嗟"见于四部典籍中外,其余各词基本只见于一两部典籍中,表现出很大的局限性。从典籍的角度看,《尚书》(10词109见)《诗经》(12词90见)是叹词个数和出现频率均很高的两部文献,《庄子》次之(10词31见),其余则个体数量和出现频率都很有限。The Interjections are a special group in the lexical system in the Chinese.It is still under discussion whether the Interjections have appeared in the oracle Bone inscriptions.It is certain that Interjections were used in Bronze inscriptions in West-Zhou Dynasty（ 、乌虖、 、已）,but the number and frequency of appearance is limited.In the 12 historical texts,there were 30 Interjections which appeared 261 times.As of the frequency,＂Wu Hu（呜呼）＂ was the most common while ＂wu（於）,Zi（咨）,Jue（嗟）,Yu（俞）,Yi（噫）,Xi（嘻）,Jie Hu（嗟）,Yu（俞）, Yi（噫）, Xi（嘻）,Jie Hu（嗟乎）,Xu（吁）＂ were quite common, the rest only appear fewer than 10 times （mostly one or two）. As of the disperse,except that ＂Wu Hu （呜呼）＂ in seven texts while ＂吁,嘻and嗟＂ in four texts, all the rest only appeared in one or two texts,which is very limited. As of the texts, Shang Shu （《尚书》）（10 Interjections 109 times） and Shi Jing （《诗经》）（12 Interjections 90 times） are texts where the number and frequency are the highest, Zhuang Zi （《庄子》） is fewer （10 Interjections 31 times） and the rest very limited in number and frequency.

关 键 词：先秦汉语 叹词 出现频率 

分 类 号：I206[文学—中国文学]