我国冬季气温异常对东亚季风和高原加热场的响应  

Variation of Winter Temperature in China and Its Responding to the Anomalies in East Asian Winter Monsoon and Surface Heating Field over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

作　　者：杨绚[1] 李栋梁[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学大气科学学院/气象灾害省部共建教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《高原气象》2009年第4期731-737,共7页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家基础研究发展计划项目(973计划)(2007CB411506);国家自然科学基金项目(40875059);中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所知识创新工程项目(065044A001)共同资助

摘　　要：根据我国618个气象台站的月平均气温、海平面气压和青藏高原地面加热场强度距平指数资料等,利用EOF和相关分析等方法,分析了我国最近32个冬季气温异常特征及其对东亚冬季风和青藏高原地面加热场强度异常的响应。结果表明:我国冬季气温异常的第一空间模态较好地反映了在全球变暖背景下全国一致增温的特征,增温最显著的区域在河套;第二空间模态则表现了冬季变暖过程中的东北区快西南区慢的反位相特点。冬季气温一致偏高的年份主要出现在1990年代及以后。分析认为,全国大部分冬季气温的升高主要与东亚冬季风的关系密切,东亚冬季风强度的整体减弱与赤道中东太平洋海温的升高存在一定的关系,河套地区和东部沿海气温对东亚冬季风的响应最敏感;冬季高原地面加热场强度的增强有利于我国新疆南部、河套大范围地区和东部沿海地区冬季气温的降低。我国西南地区冬季气温呈现变暖的时间迟于全国其他地区。Based on the observational data of 618 stations in China, SLP and intensity departure index of surface heating fields over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, the winter temperature variation and its responding to the anomalies in East Asian winter monsoon and the intensity of surface heating field over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau were studied by EOF and correlation analysis method. The results show that the first EOF spatial made has an identical signal in whole China, the warmest region is Hetao. The second one has a seesaw pattern between northeast and southwest China. The years of persistent higher winter temperature are after 1990＇s. It is considered that the temperature increasing of China depends on the intensity of winter monsoon. Negative relation between East Asian winter monsoon and high frequency of El-Nino, the most sensitive region responding to East Asian winter monsoon are Hetao and off the east coast of China.The strengthen intensity of surface heating field is favorable for the decreasing winter temperature in south of Xinjiang, Hetao and off the east coast of China. The winter temperature increasing of Southwest China shows later than other parts.

关 键 词：冬季气温 气候变化 东亚冬季风 高原加热场 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]