河西内陆河流域土地利用对地表水资源影响研究  

Study on the Impacts of Land Utilization on Surface Water Resources in Hexi Inland River Basin

作　　者：牛最荣[1,2] 刘进琪[1,2] 赵文智[1] 马正耀 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000 [2]甘肃省水文水资源勘测局,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《水文》2009年第5期73-78,共6页Journal of China Hydrology

摘　　要：土地利用对水资源的影响,直接导致水资源空间和时间分布格局发生变化,从而对流域生态、环境以及经济发展等多方面产生深刻影响。采用多期TM等卫星影像解译土地利用/覆被变化要素,应用斑块破碎度和分段比重百分比指标等方法,研究河西内陆河流域土地利用/覆被变化;应用河川径流的溯源性和零地表水资源尺度等理论,研究土地利用对地表水资源格局的影响。结果表明:土地利用驱使地表水资源格局产生剧烈变异,地表水资源整体向河源溯进;疏勒河水资源受耕地面积扩张等影响中下游径流变化产生紊乱;黑河耕地面积10万hm2成为水资源格局变化的极值,地表水资源损耗量出现逐步减少的趋势;石羊河耕地面积的扩张对地表水资源的影响力不断减小,转化为对地下水影响的加剧。The land utilization impact on water resources directly results in the changes of spatial and temporal distribution of water resources, and it further significantly impacts the ecology, environment and economic development in the river basins. Several TM satellite images were used to interpret the factors of land utilization and change of vegetation coverage. The methods of spot fragmentation index and sectional proportion percentage index were applied to study change of land utilization and vegetation coverage in Hexi inland river basins. The theories of runoff tracing back to sources and zero surface water resources scale were applied to study the impact of land utilization on distribution of surface water resources. The study results show that land utilization causes severe differentiation of the pattern of surface water resources and the overall tracing back of surface water resources; The expansion of farmland has caused turbulence and variation of the runoff change in the lower-and middle-reaches of the Shule River; The area of 100000hm^2 of farmland will be the extremum of water resources distribution change in the Heihe River Basin, the gradual decrease of surface water resources loss is the general trend in the basin; The impact of farmland expansion on surface water resources in Shiyang River Basin will slow down constantly, but it turns into exacerbated impact on groundwater resources.

关 键 词：土地利用 径流溯源性 零地表水资源尺度 河西内陆河 

分 类 号：P33[天文地球—水文科学]