基于单站短弧段光学观测的低轨卫星轨道预报算法  

Orbit Prediction Algorithm of LEO Satellite Based on Optical Measurement in Short Arc with Single Station

作　　者：潘晓刚[1] 周海银[1] 王炯琦[1] 娇媛媛[1] 

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学理学院数学与系统科学系,长沙410073

出　　处：《天文学报》2009年第4期445-458,共14页Acta Astronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(60604020)资助项目

摘　　要：基于单站短弧段的目标跟踪预报技术是保证高精度光电经纬仪在非常规环境下正常跟踪捕获目标的重要途径.构建了基于非线性滤波器的跟踪预报算法,能够在正常情况下为闭环跟踪提供引导数据,同时构建了基于非线性变换的目标预报算法,可以在无有效观测数据情况下为经纬仪提供轨迹引导,保证目标不丢失.证明了非线性滤波在单站短弧段跟踪预报算法中比常规扩展卡尔曼滤波(Extended Kalman Filter,EKF)更有效.计算表明,本文设计的非线性滤波器可以作为光学跟踪设备的引导算法,引导精度同经纬仪的随机测量精度等量级,在设备系统误差达到50″时,预报60 s的精度可达到20″,仍然满足跟踪设备的视场要求.Since the photoelectric theodolite is difficult to capture the satellite on condition of cloudy day or with high brightness of the background, the process of tracking task with the theodolite has to intermit and then search again, which is restricted to work only at a short time consequently. In order to guarantee the photoelectric theodolite to work in all-weather conditions, a tracking and predicting algorithm based on the non-linear filter is established, which can provide guiding data for closed loop track under normal conditions. Moreover, a predicting algorithm based on non-linear transform is also advanced, providing tracking guide for the theodolite without any effective observational data. Compared with the traditional EKF, the non-linear filter presented in this paper is proved more effective in tracking and predicting algorithm with single station and short arc observations. Finally, simulation experiment of tracking seasatl is carried out. The simulation calculation shows that it is difficult to determinate the orbit of the satellite in radial direction with short arc observational data of azimuth and elevation angle. However, the prediction algorithm can offer precise information of orientation, which is the key factor to track the satellite with the photoelectric theodolite. With this prediction algorithm, the photoelectric theodolite can be guided to pass through the gap of cloud or high brightness parts. The guide precision is equal to the random error of the theodolite. The prediction precision can reach up to 20＂ for 60 second prediction even if the system error of the device reaches up to 50＂, which can satisfy the viewing field requirement for the track device.

关 键 词：天体力学 轨道计算和定轨 方法 数值 

分 类 号：P135[天文地球—天体力学]