基于差分GPS技术的淤地坝泥沙淤积量估算  

Estimation of sediment volume trapped by check-dam based on differential GPS technique

作　　者：汪亚峰[1] 傅伯杰[1] 侯繁荣[2] 吕一河[1] 卢喜平[3] 宋成军[1] 栾勇[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]陕西省水利电力勘测设计研究院,西安710001 [3]四川省水利科学研究院,成都610072 [4]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2009年第9期79-83,共5页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金创新研究群体科学基金资助项目(40621061);中国科学院知识创新工程(KZCX2-YW-421);国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD09B10);水利部"948"项目"双频单机高精度GPS定位系统"(200727)

摘　　要：淤地坝是黄土高原水土流失治理中的一项重要措施。但是早期建设的淤地坝缺乏监测资料,对现已淤满坝地拦截泥沙量的估算成为当前研究中的一个难点问题。该文选取延安宝塔区羊圈沟小流域1979年修建的淤地坝为研究对象,采用高精度差分GPS技术,测量坝地淤积面平均高程和淤地面积,结合1977年1︰10000地形图,建立高程—面积/淤积量曲线,得出羊圈沟淤地坝淤积泥沙方量为155849.2m3,并通过计算得到建坝至淤满期内(1979-2004年)年平均土壤侵蚀模数4052.1t·km-2·a-1,属于中度侵蚀。差分GPS技术的应用为准确估算淤地坝泥沙淤积量提供了技术支撑,可以弥补历史上侵蚀产沙数据,而且对定量评价水土流失及其治理效益提供了依据。The check-dam is an important measure for controlling soil and water loss in Loess Plateau.However,because of the lack of monitoring data on early built check-dam,the estimation for sediment volume trapped by full-filled check-dam becomes a difficulty issue.A check-dam built in Yangjuangou watershed in 1979 was taken as a case,which located in Baota district,Yan an city,Shaanxi Province.By using high precision differential GPS technique,the average elevation of sediment surface and the silt area were measured. Based on 1997＇s topographic map at scale 1 ： 10 000, the elevation-area/sediment mass curve was obtained. The results indicated that the volume of dam-trapped sediment was 155 849.2 m3 （1979-2004） in Yangjuangou watershed, and calculated soil erosion modulus was 4 052.1 t· km-2· a^-1, which belonged to the degree of moderate erosion. Application of differential GPS technique for estimating sediment volume provides technical support for accurate estimate of sediment volume trapped by check-dam, which can make up the data of erosion and sediment during history, and present the evidence on quantitative evaluation of soil and water loss and its controlling benefits.

关 键 词：泥沙 坝 GPS 差分GPS 淤地坝 泥沙淤积量 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学] P228[农业科学—农业基础科学]