水溶性树脂包膜控释肥料养分释放特征及影响因素  

Nutrient release characteristics of water soluble resin coated controlled release fertilizers and their influential factors

作　　者：喻建刚[1] 刘芳[1] 樊小林[1] 李宁 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学植物营养系肥料与平衡施肥研究室,广州510642 [2]汉枫缓释肥料有限公司,上海201210

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2009年第9期84-89,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家“十一五”科技支撑计划(2006BAD10B02);农业科技成果转化资金项目(农计函[2005]300);国家自然科学基金(30270769)

摘　　要：为了探讨不同养分配比包膜控释肥料的养分释放特征,采用相同工艺制造同一包膜厚度而核心肥料氮磷钾配比(以下简称核心肥料)不同、同一核心肥料而包膜厚度不同的水溶性树脂包膜控释肥料,并在高温和常温下的纯水中培养,研究核心肥料、包膜厚度、培养温度对养分释放特征的影响。结果表明:在(25±0.5)℃或(40±0.5)℃下,膜材用量为50g/m2和70g/m2的高氮型控释肥料的养分累积释放特征曲线均呈S型,增加包膜厚度或降低培养温度,均可延长培养前期的养分缓慢释放阶段。在(25±0.5)℃下,膜材用量为50g/m2时,均衡型和高钾型控释肥料的养分累积释放曲线为抛物线型,膜材用量为70g/m2时,则为双抛物线型;培养温度为(40±0.5)℃时,养分累积释放曲线均转变为抛物线型。3种因素不仅影响养分释放曲线的形状,同时对肥效期产生明显影响,增加包膜厚度或降低培养温度,均可延长养分的肥效期。氮磷的肥效期大小顺序为高氮型>高钾型>均衡型,而钾的肥效期则是高钾型>高氮型>均衡型。综上所述,包膜厚度、培养温度及核心肥料同时影响着包膜控释肥料的养分释放特征,养分释放越快,其曲线形状趋向于抛物线型,反之则趋向于S型;3类核心中,以高氮型核心最能发挥水溶性树脂的控释性能。In order to discuss the nutrient release characteristics from coated controlled release fertilizers （CRFs） of different N-P-K ratios,with the same coated technology,two kinds of CRFs coated by water soluble resin were made for involving the different N-P-K ratios of kernel fertilizers with the same thickness and the same N-P-K ratio of kernel fertilizer with different thickness.The CRFs were incubated in pure water with normal and high temperatures,which aimed to study the effects of kernel fertilizers,coating thickness and culture temperature on the nutrient release characteristics. Results showed that under （25±0.5）℃ or （40±0.5）℃, CRFs with a high nitrogen content kemel （HNCRF） had cumulative release sigrnoid curve while amount of coating material was 50 g/m2 or 70 g/m2. Increasing coating thickness or reducing incubation temperature could prolong its nutrient lag period in the prophase of incubation. Under （25±0.5）℃, CRFs of high potassium compound （HKCRF） and the balanced N-P-K ratios of kernel fertilizer （TCCRF） had cumulative release parabolic curve with coating material content of 50 g/m2. The curve was translated to double parabolic pattern with the coating material of 70 g/m2, but under （40±0.5）℃, all were parabolic curves. The three factors affected not only nutrient release curves, but also the longevity of nutrients. Increasing coating thickness or reducing temperature could prolong the longevity of fertilizer. Longevity of nitrogen or phosphorus fertilizer had an order as HNCRF〉HKCRF〉TCCRF, and longevity of potassium fertilizer had anther order as HKCRF〉HNCRF〉TCCRF. In short, the nutrient release characteristics of coated NPK fertilizers were influenced by coating thickness, kernel fertilizers and incubation temperature simultaneously. The form of curve tended to a parabola with quick nutrient release, contrarily, the form of curve tended to a sigrnoid. The high nitrogen content kernel fertilizer could work best controlled release performance of wat

关 键 词：树脂 包膜 肥料 培养温度 控释肥料 养分释放特征 影响因素 

分 类 号：S145.5[农业科学—肥料学]