花生机械收获中根、茎、果节点的力学试验与分析(英文)  

Tests and analyses of mechanical properties of peanut root,stem and nut node in mechanical harvest

作　　者：杨然兵[1,2] 徐玉凤[1] 梁洁[1] 尚书旗[1] 孙同珍[1] 李国莹[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学机电工程学院,青岛266109 [2]沈阳农业大学工程学院,沈阳110161

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2009年第9期127-132,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：The key scientific and technological project of Shandong province (2009GG10009039);The commercialization project of research findings of Shandong province;National public service sectors (Agriculture) research project (200903053)

摘　　要：为了降低花生挖掘收获、摘果、脱壳作业,特别是花生联合收获中的掉果率、破碎率,该文利用CTM-4503型万能材料试验机及相关测试设备,对花生收获期前后近一个月(28d)花生的秸秆、根茎节点、果根节点、果壳结合处分别做了拉伸与剪切力学性能试验与分析。通过试验,得到了花生的秸秆、根茎节点、果根节点、果壳结合处最大许用抗拉与抗剪应力;经力学性能理论分析,确定了花生最佳收获期(以鲁花14为例,最佳收获期为播种后的(122±1)d),给出了现行的花生联合收获采用的夹持收获中最大许用夹持力(49.71N)和最大许用拉力(70.84N);通过试验分析得出花生挖掘收获中主要机械损失为根茎节点断裂(95.7%),并根据农业部发布的花生收获机作业质量行业标准所给出的作业质量指标,给出了在花生挖掘收获时的最大拉力(9.51N);通过花生果结合处的剪切试验,给出了不同时期花生果结合处最大抗剪强度。这为花生收获、摘果、脱壳装置,特别是联合收获装置的研制与优化设计提供了参考。In order to reduce the nut-losing rate and damaging rate in the process of peanut digging harvest,nut picking and shelling,especially in the process of peanut combine,the authors carried out experiments and analyzed the results on the mechanical properties of tensile and shear stress of the peanut stem,stem root node,nut root node and husk union,respecively,which used CTM-4503 type universal material testing machines and relevant testing equipments.The peanut for testing was obtained in nearly one month interval of peanut harvest time. Through the tests, the authors analyzed the maximun allowable tensile resistance and allowable shearing stress of peanut stem, stem root node, nut root node and husk union place. Through the mechanical analyse, the best harvesting time of peanut was determined. Taking Luhua No.14 peanut as an example, the best harvesting time was （122±1） days after sowing. The maximum allowable clamping force （49.71 N） and the maximum allowable tensile force （70.84 N） were given in the process of peanut combined clamping harvest at present and the tests showed that rupture of stem root node in peanut harvest was the main part of mechanical loss with the percentage of 95.7%. According to the operation quality index in operating quality industry standard for peanut harvesters given by Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, the maximum tensile force, 9.51 N, was given. Through the shear tests of the husk union place, the maximum shearing stress of the husk union place in different period was given. All those provide reference for equipment design and development of peanut harvester, nut picking and shelling, especially for that of combine harvester devices.

关 键 词：收获机 力学性能 抗拉试验 抗剪试验 花生 

分 类 号：S121[农业科学—农业基础科学]