吉林玉米带现行耕作制度对黑土肥力退化的影响  

Influence of present farming system of corn belt on fertility degradation in Jilin Province

作　　者：王鸿斌[1] 陈丽梅[2] 赵兰坡[1] 刘会青[1] 王宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118 [2]吉林农业大学工程技术学院,长春130118

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2009年第9期301-305,共5页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：粮食丰产工程(2006BAD02A10)项目;国家沃土工程(2006BAD25B05)项目;"863"计划(2006AA10A309)项目资助

摘　　要：该文从"体质"和"体型"两个方面探讨了吉林玉米带现行耕作制度对土壤肥力退化的影响。结果表明,现行的耕作制度下,土壤剖面中耕层与犁底层的界面为"波浪型",而每年进行秋翻的玉米田,其耕层与梨底层的界面为"平面型"。"波浪型"犁底层的土壤容重、三相组成与"平面型"剖面相比有明显差异,而耕层中有机无机复合体及其有机碳分布特征无明显差异,与底层土壤有较大差异。但由于"平面型"剖面耕层的有效土量是"波浪型"有效土量的2倍,因此,在生产上"平面型"剖面土壤保水性能、玉米产量等多方面都普遍优于"波浪型"土壤。吉林玉米带黑土肥力退化的主要原因是耕层有效土量过少。Through the study on physical fitness and type,this paper discussed the influence of present farming system of corn belt on fertility degradation in Jilin Province.The results showed that the interface of the middle plough layer and plough sole under the present farming system was wavy type,while the interface of the plough layer and plough sole of the corn field under the cropping system of annual autumn plowing was flat type.Soil bulk density and composition of three phases of wavy plough sole were different significantly with those of plough sole. The organo-mineral complex and organic carbon content of the plough layer between two types had no significant difference, but had significant difference in bottom soil. The valid soil quantity of fiat type was two times more than that of wavy type. Therefore, the water retention property and corn yield of flat soil profile were better than those of wavy soil profile. Little valid soil quantity is the main cause of fertility degradation of black soil in corn belt of Jilin Province.

关 键 词：退化 环境影响 土壤条件 肥力 耕作制度 吉林玉米带 黑土 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]