化学防治对绿化带中红火蚁及本地蚂蚁的影响  

Effects of chemical control on RIFA and native ants in greenbelt

作　　者：宋侦东[1] 许益镌[1] 陆永跃[1] 黄俊[1] 曾玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学红火蚁研究中心,广东广州510642

出　　处：《生态学报》2009年第11期6148-6155,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"973"计划资助项目(2009CB119200);国家自然科学基金资助项目(305712427);广东省科技计划资助项目(2007B020710014;2006A20301005)

摘　　要：研究了饵剂、粉剂和灌巢3种不同施药方法对红火蚁的防治效果及对绿化带本地蚂蚁的影响。结果表明:从活动蚁巢和工蚁减退率两项指标来看,粉剂防治绿化带中红火蚁效果快速稳定,可以推广使用;饵剂防治作用较缓慢,处理35d后达到最好的防治效果;而灌巢虽然能在短期内有效地减少活动蚁巢数量,但对工蚁的防效较差,总体上不如粉剂和饵剂。此外,饵剂和粉剂都能显著降低绿化带本地蚂蚁的种类和数量,灌巢则对本地蚂蚁的影响较小。通过分析施药前后各处理区的蚂蚁类群多样性指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数的变化,可以看出各处理区的蚂蚁类群多样性指数,均匀度指数和优势度指数与CK相比,都呈下降趋势,说明化学防治能有效压制红火蚁的数量,但同时也严重影响着本地蚂蚁。Different methods, including bait treatment, powder treatment and drench treatment were used to control Solenopsis invicta and their impacts on native ants in greenbelt were evaluated. These are what the results showed： Based on the index of the reducing rate of both active mound and workers, the effect of powder treatment to RIFA was rapid and stable, and it could be popularized to use widely; Compared with powder treatment, the effect of bait treatment was slower with its best control effect appearing 35 days later after treatment; The drench treatment could efficiently reduce the mound number in a short time, but it had l^ttle control effect on workers, and had the poorest control effect among the three treatments; Moreover, bait treatment and powder treatment could reduce the species and numbers of native ants remarkably in greenbelt; Drench treatment had the smallest impact on native ants. Through the analyses of the diversity index about every district, evenness index and predominance index of ant community before and after pesticides were used, it was found that all of indices were declining. The results showed that chemical control could control the red imported fire ant effectively; meanwhile the species of native ants were reduced.

关 键 词：红火蚁 防治效果 本地蚂蚁 多样性 

分 类 号：S763[农业科学—森林保护学]