低磷和干旱胁迫对不同基因型大豆光合生理特性的影响  

Effects of Phosphorus Deficiency and Drought Stress on Photosynthetic Characters in Different Genotypic Soybeans

作　　者：钟鹏[1] 吴俊江[1,2] 刘丽君[1] 林蔚刚[1] 董德建[1] 王建丽[3] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院大豆研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]东北农业大学农学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [3]黑龙江省农业科学院草业研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《大豆科学》2009年第5期806-810,共5页Soybean Science

基　　金：黑龙江省“十一五”科技攻关资助项目(GA06B101-2-5,GA06B101-1-2);“十一五”国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2006BAD21B01-6,2007BAD89B05-09);黑龙江省自然科学基金资助项目(C2007-13);引进国际先进农业计划资助项目;哈尔滨市科技局资助项目(2008HG6BN034)

摘　　要：采用盆栽培养的方法,研究了缺磷和干旱对鼓粒期磷高效基因型大豆黑河27,磷中效基因型大豆黑农43和磷低效基因型大豆黑河29的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Cs)、胞间CO2浓度(C i)、气孔限制值(Ls)、水分利用率等光合生理性状的影响。结果表明:低磷和干旱胁迫降低了3个基因型大豆叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和气孔限制值;相反,胞间CO2浓度呈上升趋势,说明光合速率的降低受非气孔因素的限制;低磷和干旱胁迫处理降低了大豆叶面积、叶绿素含量,变化为磷低效基因型>磷中效基因型>磷高效基因型,说明缺磷和长期干旱能使大豆叶面积降低,叶绿素降解,减少了光合叶面积和光能吸收,影响光合作用。与磷低效大豆相比,磷高效大豆具有在干旱条件下对CO2的同化和水分利用能力上的优势。磷高效大豆在水分逆境下叶片能保持较高的光合速率并提高对水分的利用效率,显示其对干旱有较强的耐受性。Photosynthesis is an important factor that determines soybean yield. At present, the research on soybeans photo- synthetic characteristic mainly concentrates on its relationship with yield. But the coupling effect of water and phosphorus on photosynthetic tratis of different P efficiency genotypic soybean is less documented. Therefnre,pot experiments were eondueled in 2007 year,with P high efficient soybean Heihe 27,P middle efficient soybean Heinong 43 and P low efficient soybean Heihe 29 as materials, to determine the influence of water and P coupling on physio-biochemical characters of different genotypic soybeans. Two P（applied P and without P）and tour water（ 100% ,70% ,50% and 30% of the maximum field water holding capability）treatments were designed and photosynthetic rate （Pn）, transpiration rate （Tr）, stumatal conductance （Cs） ,intercellular CO2 concentration （Ci） and stomatal limitation （ Ls）, the leaf chlorophyll content, leaf area were determined at pod filling stage. The results showed as follows：Under P deficiency and drought,Pn, Tr,Cs and Ls were gradually decreased,but Ci was enhanced,which suggested that the decreased photosynthetic rate might be eontrolled by non-stomatal limitation. P deficiency and drought reduced leaf area,decreased content of Chl and reduced photosyuthetie rate, with low-P efficiency 〉 mid- P effieiency〉 high- P efficiency. Compared with low- P efficient soybean, high- P efficient soybean showed higher CO2 assimilation and water use efficiency under drought stress..

关 键 词：大豆 干旱胁迫 磷营养 基因型 光合特性 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]