1957—2006年塔里木河流域气候变化和人类活动对水资源和生态环境的影响  

Impact of Climate Change and Human Activities on the Water Resources and Ecological Environments in the Tarim River Basin in 1957—2006

作　　者：段建军[1] 王彦国[1] 王晓风 毛炜峄[3] 张雄文[1] 王进[1] 高前兆[4] 沈永平[4] 王顺德[1] 

机构地区：[1]阿克苏水文水资源勘测局,新疆阿克苏843000 [2]昌吉水文水资源勘测局,新疆昌吉831100 [3]新疆气候中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [4]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2009年第5期781-791,共11页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2007CB411507);科技部国际科技合作项目(2008DFA20400);沙漠气象科学研究基金项目(Sqj2007010);国家自然科学基金项目(40771047);中国科学院重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-127)资助

摘　　要：塔里木河是我国最大的内陆河,历史上是环塔里木盆地九大水系144条河流的总称,目前呈"四源一干"格局.依据1957—2006年近50a气象及水文监测资料,分析了气候变化和人类活动对塔里木河流域水资源的影响.虽然近50a来塔里木河流域山区与平原整体呈现气温升高、降水量增加特征,出山口径流量也呈增加趋势,然而在2000年前塔里木河流域生态环境急剧退化.其成因主要为:1)从20世纪50年代起到近2006年,四条源流入塔里木河水量50a减少了15.4×108m3;2)塔里木河上、中、下游耗水量比例的失调及区域水资源分配发生变化,造成塔里木河下游生态环境恶化;3)实施塔里木河综合治理后,即使进入塔里木河的下游的水量增加,中游段耗水量下降,但是上游耗水迅速增加且数量巨大,还是对塔里木河水资源综合利用、改善的下游生态环境产生负面影响.The Tarim River is the biggest inland river in China. It once was total title of nine river systems historically. At present, it shows itself in a pattern of ＂ four source rivers and one main stream＂ According to the meteorological and hydrological data of near 50 a （1957--2006）, the impact of climate changes and human activities on water resources in the Trim River basin is analyzed in this paper. Although the air temperature and precipitation in the mountain regions and plains are increasing as a whole, the runoff out of the mountains has an increasing trend as well; the ecological environments of the Tarim River basin were degenerating rapidly before 2000. The main reasons are： （1） The water amount flowing into themainstream from the four source rivers has decreased 15.4×10^8 m^3 during the 50 a. （2） The maladjusted ratios of water consumption for the upper, middle and lower reaches and the change of local water resources allocation resulted in deterioration of ecological environments in the basin. （3） After the operation of an integrated rehabilitation in the Tarim River basin, the water amount into the downstream has increase, the water consumption in the middle section has decrease. However, the rapidly and enormously increasing water consumption in the upper reaches results in a negative effect on the utilization of water resources and on the effort of ameliorating eco-environments m lower reaches.

关 键 词：近50 a 气候变化与人类活动 水资源与生态环境变化 塔里木河流域 

分 类 号：P339[天文地球—水文科学]