近几十年来喜马拉雅山冰川变化及其对水资源的影响  

Himalayan Glaciers Fluctuation over the Latest Decades and Its Impact on Water Resources

作　　者：张东启[1,2] 效存德[1] 秦大河[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国气象科学研究院气候系统研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2009年第5期885-895,共11页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2007CB411503);中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF2008-20)资助

摘　　要：对近几十年来喜马拉雅山地区冰川变化的研究成果进行了综述,可以看出:气温普遍升高、冰川加剧退缩和冰川湖泊扩大是喜马拉雅山地区气候和冰川变化的主要特征和后果.冰川退缩导致冰川灾害的危险性增加并对本地区河流径流和水资源产生较长远的影响.但各段的气候、冰川变化及其影响存在区域差异,还需要对冰川变化和水资源影响方面的预估进行更广泛和深入的研究.Some study results on the Himalayan glacier fluctuations in the last few decades were reviewed in this paper. Widely air temperature rising, precipitation decreasing, glaciers retreating and glacier lakes enlarging are the main features of Himalayan climate change and glacier fluctuations. In the middle section the Himalayas, among 23 glaciers, an average of -7.0 m· a^-1 changes were observed for the last several decades. In the east part of the Himalayas, Gangri Gabu region, at least 60% glaciers are retreating since 1980＇s. In the west section, the Naimona＇nyi region, Glacier retreated in an average rate of 5 m· a^-1 for the peri od 1976-2006. The south slope of west Himalayas shows even fast retreating, for example, Gangotri Glacier has shown a recession of 28 m· a^-1 during 1935-1996 and 34 m· a^-1 during 1971-1996, meaning accelerate of melting in recent decades. Retreating glaciers result in the increase of glacial disasters and can impact regional river flow and long-term water resources in the Himalaya region. Regional differences of climate change and glacier fluctuation in the Himalayas need much more works to do on the research of glacier variations and assessments of their influence on water resources.

关 键 词：喜马拉雅山 冰川 变化 水资源影响 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]