基于生态足迹模型的新疆区域生态经济可持续发展能力变化分析  

Variations of Ecological and Economic Sustainable Development Capacities in Xinjiang Region Based on Ecological Footprint Model

作　　者：王国刚[1,2] 杨德刚[1] 乔旭宁[3] 杨莉[1,2] 唐宏[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]河南理工大学测绘与国土信息工程学院,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2009年第5期969-975,共7页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：中国科学院西部计划项目(KZCX2-XB2-03-03)资助

摘　　要：生态足迹模型是定量评估区域生态可持续发展能力的有效方法.运用生态足迹模型,从时序上对新疆1990—2006年的生态经济可持续发展能力进行了动态评估,并引入Ulanowicz发展能力和万元GDP生态赤字(盈余)等指标,考察了社会、经济发展和技术进步对新疆可持续发展的影响.结果表明:1990—2006年间新疆生态足迹增长较快,尤其是2001年以后,总量和人均量增长迅速,而人均生态承载力却呈下降趋势,导致人均生态赤字逐年增大,到2006年人均生态赤字达3.87hm2,比1990年增大了5.6倍;生态压力主要集中在耕地、化石能源地和牧草地等三种土地类型上,土地多样化利用程度低,发展力的提升主要来自于生态足迹的增长和区域资源利用效率的提高.针对性的提出:加大政府财政投入,引进新技术,增加单位土地面积的产出量;加强政策落实力度,提高土地化利用程度和能源利用效率,促进新疆区域生态经济系统的可持续发展能力.The ecological footprint concept was formally introduced by William Rees and Mathis Wackernagel in the early 1990s, and then it was used＇widely as a measure of sustainability. But it is also criticized by scholars, because evidence suggests that it fails short, such as static accounts and so on. In this paper, a method using for ecological footprint time series is presented, combining with development capacity indexes, and then applied to Xinjiang Region for the time period from 1990 to 2006. The results show that the ecological footprint, not only total amount but also per capita,grew rapidly, especially from 2001 to 2006, because of the rapid economic development throughout the analyzed period. However, the per capita of ecological capacity gradually decreased. Now, cultivated land, grassland and energy land play the most important role in ecological capacity. On the other hand, development capacity grew slowly, which attribute to the low index of ecological footprint＇s diversity. According to the above results, the following suggestions are put forward： introduction of new technology to increase yield; improving energy and land utilization.

关 键 词：生态足迹 生态承载力 可持续发展能力 万元GDP生态赤字 新疆 

分 类 号：F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学]