GIS支持下近百年来闽江口海底地形地貌演变  

Seabed morphological evolution in Minjiang Estuary in recent one hundred years based on GIS tools

作　　者：徐晓晖[1] 陈坚[1] 赖志坤[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所、海岸与海洋地质环境开放实验室,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《台湾海峡》2009年第4期577-585,共9页Journal of Oceanography In Taiwan Strait

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40876043);福建省重大科技专项资助项目(2005YZ1013);福建省908专项资助项目(FJ908-02-02-03)

摘　　要：利用ArcGIS建立了闽江口1913、1950、1975、1986、1999、2005年海底数字地形模型，在坐标系统和潮位基准面转换的基础上分析研究了闽江口的岸线、浅滩面积、海底冲淤和河口断面地形近百年来的变化特征．研究结果表明：①闽江口河道从1913年到2005年期间，梅花水道西段变窄，乌猪水道向东迁移，琅岐岛东岸淤积；梅花镇东侧的闽江口南岸岸线向前推进，但近年来推进速率明显减小．②梅花水道浅滩不断发育，闽江北支由单一的川石水道变成川石水道和壶江水道并存，并且闽江北支成为闽江入海泥沙的主通道．③1913—1950年间闽江口海底淤积较快，1913～1999年淤积速率逐渐减小，1986～1999年间出现净冲刷．④河口三角洲前缘在河口南部以侵蚀后退为主，河口区北部以进积为主．With tools of ArcGIS,the DEM model of Minjiang Estuary in year of 1913,1950,1975,1986,1995 and 2005 are established. Characteristics of coastline change, shoal changes, seabed morphological evolution and profile terrain changes during period of 1913 and 2005 are studied. The results show that firstly during 1913 - 2005, the west part of Meihua channel became narrow and Wuzhu channel had moved eastward. While the shoreline of Langqi Island was depositing the shoreline in the south bank of Minjiang Estuary expanded until recent years when the expanding rate slowdown. Secondly, the shoal at the mouth of Meihua Channel developed continually when, in north branch,coexisting with sub-channels of Chuanshi and Hujiang the previous single Minjiang channels formed an important channel for transportion of mud and sand to the sea. The third, sand deposit occurred heavily in the estuary from 1913 to 1950 ,the depositing rate declined gradually in period from 1913 to 1999 and erosion appeared from 1986 to 1999. Lastly, the erosion mainly occurred in the south of underwater slope of pre-delta in Minjiang River while it aecreted generally in the north part.

关 键 词：海洋地质学 地貌演变 地理信息系统 闽江口 海底冲淤 

分 类 号：P736[天文地球—海洋地质]