补充灌溉及氮磷配施对黄土塬区冬小麦水分利用及产量的影响  

Effects of supplemental irrigation and different nitrogen and phosphorus rates on yield and water use efficiency of Triticum aestivum L. on Loess Tableland

作　　者：张益望[1,2] 刘文兆[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所西北农林科技大学,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2009年第5期76-81,共6页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目"黄土高原旱作农田生产力及水分生态过程调控"(KZCX2-YW-424);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目"高塬沟壑区农果林多元综合治理模式研究与示范"(2006BAD09B09)

摘　　要：采用裂区试验设计,对黄土塬区补充灌溉及氮磷配施条件下麦田土壤水分动态、作物产量及水分利用效率等进行研究。结果表明：1）冬小麦对土壤水分的利用深度随小麦生长发育逐渐加深,在越冬前期和孕穗期分别达1.2和2.2 m土层以下,不同处理土壤含水量在小麦生育前期差异不明显,孕穗后氮磷配施处理的土壤含水量显著低于不施肥处理;2）试验条件下,补充灌溉后同样施肥处理的作物产量与雨养相比,虽有增加但不显著;不论是雨养水平,还是补充灌溉水平,氮磷配施均表现出显著的增产效果,从低氮低磷到高氮高磷,增产幅度在134%到240%之间;3）氮磷配施能显著提高冬小麦水分利用效率,而补充灌溉后水分利用效率降低3%-30%,但未达显著水平;4）不同氮磷配施的增产效应高于补充灌溉,补充灌溉与高氮高磷处理有显著的水肥协同效应,能显著提高作物产量并保持较高的水分利用效率。Effects of supplemental irrigation and different nitrogen and phosphorus rates on crop yield, soil water content, and water use efficiency of Triticum aestivum L. were studied by using a randomized complete block split plot design. Results indicated that soil water consumption depth increased along with wheat growing stages, which went down to 1.2 and 2.2 m during pre-wintering stage and booting stage respectively. Soil water content for different treatments had no significant difference in initial stages, however, after booting stage, soil water content for the treatments of different nitrogen and phosphorus rates were significantly lower than that for non-fertilization application. Soil water content for rain-fed and supplemental irrigation treatments had no significant difference. Both supplemental irrigation and different nitrogen and phosphorus rates treatments increased crop yields and significantly increased soil water consumption. Supplemental irrigation increased crop yields, but had no significant difference than rain-fed treatment, however, the nitrogen and phosphorus application treatment increased crop yields from 134% to 240% more than non-fertilization application treatment. Application of different nitrogen and phosphorus ratessignificantly increased water use efficiency of Triticum aestivum L.. Howerver, supplemental irrigation decreased water use efficiency from 3 % to 30%, which had no significant difference statistically. The different nitrogen and phosphorus rates treatments significantly improved crop yield compared with supplemental irrigation. Supplemental irrigation and the treatment of high nitrogen and high phosphorus rate significantly increased crop yield and gave higher water use efficiency.

关 键 词：冬小麦 补充灌溉 氮磷配施 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S512.107.1[农业科学—作物学] S158