堆肥反应器中2种微生物接种剂的堆肥效果研究  

Effects of Microbial Inoculation on Composting in a Bioreactor

作　　者：徐智[1,2] 张陇利[2] 张发宝[3] 李季[2] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明650201 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [3]广东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,广州510631

出　　处：《环境科学》2009年第11期3409-3413,共5页Environmental Science

基　　金：北京市生态学重点学科项目(XK10019440);北京都市农业学科群建设项目(XK100190553);广东省农业攻关项目(2006A20302001);广东省教育部产学研结合项目(2007B090400101)

摘　　要：在严格控制堆肥条件的情况下,以鸡粪为堆肥基本原料,选用单一微生物巨大芽孢杆菌和复合微生物VT菌为接种剂,通过研究堆肥过程中的温度、氧气浓度、C/N、WSC(水溶性碳)、发芽指数(GI)以及脱氢酶和纤维素酶的活性动态变化来反映这2种微生物接种剂对堆肥效果的影响.结果表明,接种复合微生物菌剂VT的处理在堆肥升温和保持高温效果明显,接种微生物菌剂的2个处理的堆体内氧气浓度都较CK低,其中最低的为接种复合微生物菌剂VT的处理.接种微生物菌剂,C/N下降速度快,WSC浓度相对高,GI值上升速度明显加快,有利于加快堆肥腐熟进程,其中接种复合微生物菌剂VT的效果较单一微生物菌剂巨大芽孢杆菌好.接种微生物菌剂有利于堆肥升温期脱氢酶和纤维素酶活性增加,促进堆肥的氧化还原反应和纤维素的分解,且接种复合微生物VT的效果明显.A composting experiment with chicken manure was carried out in a lab-scaled bioreactor to study the effects of microbial inoculation （a single Bacillus megaterium and a compound VT agent） on the changes of the temperature, oxygen concentration, C/N ratio, WSC （watersoluble carbon）, germination index （ GI）, and cellulase and dehydrogenase activity. The results showed that the use of compound VT agent was more effective in the growing of starting temperature and maintaining of the high-temperature during composting than the single Bacillus megaterium treatment. The oxygen concentration in the composting with inoculation （both Bacillus megaterium and VT） was lower than that of the composting without inoculation. Meanwhile, the inoculation with compound microbial inocula （VT） showed lower of C/N ratio, higher WSC concentration and higher GI in the compost than that of the individual microbial inoculation. Furtherly, microbial inoculation could increase the cellulase activity and dehydrogenase activity in the composting process and promote the decomposition of cellulose during the composting.

关 键 词：堆肥 微生物接种剂 复合微生物接种剂 酶的活性 堆肥反应器 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]