国外乡村公路交通事故主要致因综述  

Summary of Causes of Foreign Rural Road Accidents

作　　者：高建刚[1] 陈宏云[1] 郑昊[1] 陈强[2] 

机构地区：[1]交通部公路科学研究院公路交通安全技术交通行业重点实验室,北京100088 [2]北京交通大学交通运输学院,北京100044

出　　处：《公路交通科技》2009年第11期123-131,135,共10页Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development

基　　金：交通部西部交通建设科技项目(2006318223101)

摘　　要：根据美国、加拿大、英国、澳大利亚等国关于乡村公路交通事故的数据和资料,以人的行为为重点,对乡村公路交通事故的致因进行归纳分析,主要有:第一,乡村公路上男性、年轻人、轻型货车乘员和后座乘员的安全带使用率较低;第二,乡村公路上男性和年轻人倾向于超速行驶,摩托车和小型车超速行驶的比例较高,在周末和夜间超速行驶的比例较高;第三,男性和年轻人是乡村公路上酒后驾驶的主要人群,周末和夜晚因酒后驾驶导致的交通事故较多;第四,乡村公路交通事故中男性疲劳驾驶的比例低于女性,年轻人疲劳驾驶的比例仍较高,周末、夜间和下午的因疲劳驾驶导致的交通事故较多;第五,65岁以上的老年驾驶员容易在乡村公路上发生由于未按规定让行和不遵守交通信号指挥而造成的交通事故;第六,导致乡村公路交通事故的道路环境因素主要有道路环境突变、车道狭窄、弯道半径过小、安全视距不够等;第七,乡村公路的交通事故救援响应慢、质量低、效果差。According to the data and documents on rural road accidents from US, Canada, UK and Australia, the causes of rural mad accidents were analyzed with follows： （ 1 ） much lower rate of seat belt usage emphasis on human behavior. Several causes were collected as among males, youths, passengers in light trucks and rear seat occupants; （2） more speeding trend among males and youths with high rate in motorcycles and cars on the weekend and during the night; （3） main drunk drivers are males and youths, and more accidents due to drinking happened on the weekend and during the night; （4） more fatigued drivers are females and youths, and lots of crashes caused by driving fatigue happened on the weekend and during the night and afternoon; （5） the large percentage of fatally injured drivers are 65 years of age or older who usually fails to yield row and disobey traffic control; （6） the hazards of rural road include sudden varieties, narrow lanes, sharp curves, blind bends and so on; and （7） the emergency medical services for rural road crashes are time-consuming, lower level treating and poorly effective.

关 键 词：交通工程 交通事故致因 文献综述 乡村公路 交通事故 

分 类 号：U491.31[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]