苜蓿繁殖器官发育过程与内生根瘤菌侵染数量的关系  

The Relationship between Developmental Processes of Reproductive Organs and Infection Quantity of Endogenous Rhizobia

作　　者：张淑卿[1,2] 李剑峰[1,2] 师尚礼[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学草业学院草业生态系统教育部重点实验室/中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2009年第5期997-1001,共5页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD52B06;2006BAD-04A04;2006BAD01A19);农业部行业专项(nyhyzx07-022);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项

摘　　要：为探明苜蓿种子内生根瘤菌的携带机理,试验对4个品种的紫花苜蓿在一个生育期中内生根瘤菌在花芽、花与种子中的分布部位与数量变化进行了研究。结果表明:内生根瘤菌在营养期内主要存在于花芽中(1 g花芽中有9 250个);而在现蕾期仅存在于子房壁组织(1个花蕾中有4.00个);花期存在于花粉(1朵花中有7.40个)、受精胚珠(1粒胚珠中有0.80个)、花托(1朵花中有4.20个)和子房壁(1朵花中有15.20个);结荚期主要存在于荚果皮(1个荚果中有890个)及幼嫩种子(1粒种子中有23.36个)中;成熟种子的种皮内有大量分布(1粒种子中有32.86个),种胚(1粒种子中有0.46个)及子叶(1粒种子中有0.52个)内仅有少量分布。由此表明种子内生根瘤菌可能的来源途径:在花期,存在于花粉表面和子房壁组织的根瘤菌通过子房壁和珠被的花粉管进入胚珠珠被;或在结荚期,根瘤菌通过子房壁与珠被联结的通道进入种皮。In order to clarify the carrying mechanism of endogenous rhizobia in alfalfa seeds, the position and number change of endogenous rhizobia in flower buds ,flowers and the seeds were investigated in the same growth stage of four alfalafa plant varieties. The results indicated that endogenous rhizobia existed mainly in flower buds vegetative stage （9 250 per gram）, and existed only in the tissues of ovary wall （4.00 per bud） in squaring stage;in the flowering stage, they were found in pollens （7.40 per flowers）, fertilized ovules （ 0. 80 per seed ）, receptacles （ 4. 20 per flower） and inside of ovary walls （ 15.20 per flower） ; in pod-beating stage, the rhizobia were mainly found in pericarps （890 per pod）and young seeds （23.36 per seed） ; more rhizobia were found in mature seed coats （ 32. 86 per seed）, and few was found in embryos and cotyledons （0. 46 and 0. 52 per seed, respectively）. This shows the probable sources of endogenous rhizobia： in flowering stage ,endogenous rhizobia in tissues of ovary walls and surfaces of pollens came into integuments through the pollen tubes of ovary walls and integuments; or in the pod-bearing stage, endogenous rhizobia came into seed coats through the channels which connected ovary walls and integuments.

关 键 词：苜蓿 生育期 器官 内生根瘤菌 数量 动态 

分 类 号：S541.901[农业科学—作物学]