分裂的声音——美国内战小说与评论综述  

Divided Voices:A Survey of American Civil War Fiction and Criticism

作　　者：李公昭[1] 

机构地区：[1]解放军外国语学院国防语言文化研究所

出　　处：《外国文学研究》2009年第5期128-136,共9页Foreign Literature Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"美国战争小说史论"【项目编号:00BWW006】的阶段性成果

摘　　要：美国内战虽早有正统的历史定论,却至今仍争议不断,美国内战小说作家对于内战的性质也各执一词,其创作也在不同程度上反映了这种争议。在如何评价内战小说问题上,美国评论界也是见仁见智:一种意见认为内战小说数量多、范围广、成就大;另一种则认为内战小说数量不少,佳作不多,原因是绝大多数内战小说沿袭了19世纪浪漫加流血的传统战争小说模式。此外19世纪美国文学的巨擘——马克.吐温、威廉.豪威尔斯、亨利.詹姆斯等无一染指内战文学。据此,以威尔逊、艾伦等人为代表的评论家,彻底否定内战小说的成就;而莱夫利、米勒等评论家则在指出美国内战小说糟粕的同时,对德福莱斯特、比尔斯、克莱恩等优秀作家和作品予以充分肯定。尽管美国内战小说与评论呈现出相当分裂的态势,但不可否认的是,诸如《红色荣誉勋章》、《飘》等最优秀的美国内战小说已经进入美国文学的经典行列。The disputes concerning the nature of the American Civil War have never ceased despite the fact that there has already been an orthodox interpretation. Likewise, the ideas of American Civil War novelists have also been diversified on this issue. Consequently their fictional writings of the war present a diversified and oftentimes conflicting nature. So are the related critical evaluations. Some maintain that the Civil War novels are not only large in quantity, but also good in quality--as least some of them. Others acknowledge their quantity but frown upon their quality. One reason for their questionable quality is that the American Civil War novels have basically followed the 19th-century tradition of the romance-plus-blood mode of war representation. Besides, none of the literary giants of the 19th century, such as Mark Twain, William Howells and Henry James, has tried their hands at the Civil War fiction. Consequently, scholars like Wilson and Aaron found no great achievements whatsoever in terms of the American Civil War novels, while critics like Lively, Miller, etc. have made ample favorable commentaries on some of the outstanding Civil War authors such as William De Forest, Ambrose Bierce and Stephen Crane, and their works, though they have also admitted the mass of failures of the Civil War novels. It is true that the voices concerning the value of the American Civil War novels are quite divided, but some of the best novels like The Red Badge of Courage and Gone with the Wind have made their way into the American hterary canon.

关 键 词：美国内战 小说 评论 

分 类 号：I712.074[文学—其他各国文学]