当代拉丁美洲政治研究的主要问题与方法  

Contemporary Research on Latin American Politics:Major Issues and Methods

作　　者：张凡[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院拉丁美洲研究所

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2009年第5期29-35,共7页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：当代拉美政治的动态主要是围绕着"民主化"进程展开的,政治民主化因而成为拉美政治研究的中心问题。这一中心问题牵涉到一系列需要分别加以探讨的主题,例如按照民主化进程研究的学术轨迹相继出现的关于民主过渡、民主巩固和民主治理的分析。由于民主化进程始终充满变数和不确定性,因此出现了许多关于民主体制运作和绩效的实证分析;而民主体制的前途不仅系于制度本身,它还与政治力量之间的关系、社会文化条件、经济因素、国际影响密不可分,因此有关拉美国家政治行为体的演变、各种经济和政治思潮、经济改革与发展状况以及与外部世界的互动等等,都成为拉美政治研究议程中的重要内容。20世纪70年代以来,越来越多的学者运用或发展所谓"中层"理论,旨在根据少数几个变项来研究和解释一定范围内的政治现象。这种趋势明显受到美国学术界的影响,美国政治学界盛行的理性选择和新制度主义理论越来越多地用来说明从威权向民主政治的转换以及民主体制的效率和合法性问题。但政治分析涉及政治力量间的权力关系及其演变,结构主义、文化分析以及纳入更多变项的综合分析框架完全可能成为更为合适的分析途径。政治研究中还存在着所谓主流立场与替代性观点之间的分野以及各自阵营内部的矛盾。Democratization is usually viewed as the nucleus of political research on Latin America.In view of considerable uncertainties in the democratization process,a lot of empirical analyses on democratic institutions and their performance had been conducted.Thanks to the fact that democracy is closely relevant to the interaction between political forces,social and cultural conditions,economic development and international factors,scholars laid much stress on the evolution of political actors in the region,political and economic thoughts,economic reforms and development,and the relations of regional countries with other parts of the world.Since the 1970s,due to the influence of the U.S.political science,the mid-range theory became increasingly popular,which was aimed at explaining certain phenomena with a small number of variables.It is reasonable to think that structuralism,cultural analysis or the comprehensive analysis framework with more variables might be able to develop in the future to be an alternative approaches.In addition,it should be noticed that there always exists the difference in the field between mainstream and alternative views and their own internal divergences.

关 键 词：拉丁美洲政治 政治民主化 民主化进程 

分 类 号：D771.209[政治法律—政治学] D621[政治法律—中外政治制度]