非禁烟公共场所环境烟草烟雾浓度调查  

Investigation of Environmental Smoke Concentration in Public Places Without Smoking Ban

作　　者：张之幸[1] 郑频频[2] 沈隽[1] 赵雪峰[1] 黄美华[1] 郭晓璐[1] 王丽芳[1] 傅华[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海市长宁区卫生局卫生监督所,上海200051 [2]复旦大学公共卫生学院,上海200032

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2009年第5期451-453,共3页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：彭博全球降低烟草使用倡议行动项目(编号:China2-29)

摘　　要：[目的]测定上海市某区部分非禁烟公共场所大厅的环境烟草烟雾浓度,评估目前非禁烟场所环境烟雾的污染情况,为我国公共场所禁烟立法提供依据。[方法]采用目的抽样方法,选取上海市某区8家星级宾馆、8家证券交易大厅和8家餐厅(均为非禁烟场所),采用AM510个人智能防爆粉尘测试仪检测细颗粒物(PM2.5)浓度以代表烟雾污染状况,并测定空间大小。同时利用观察法观察与控烟相关的包括禁烟标志设置、大厅空间、人数等在内的软硬件设施。[结果]24家非禁烟公共场所室内、外PM2.5平均浓度分别为304.30、152.77μg/m3,室内平均浓度比室外高99.19%。其中,宾馆、证券交易所和餐厅的室内PM2.5平均浓度分别是125.14、264.63、523.14μg/m3;宾馆和餐厅室内PM2.5浓度与单位体积吸烟人数呈正相关(rs=0.556,rs=0.413;P<0.01)。[结论]在上海的宾馆、证券交易所和餐厅大厅内尚无有效的控烟措施,环境烟雾暴露问题比较严重。必须采取严格禁烟措施有效减少环境中因吸烟所致的烟雾污染;在室内公共场所和工作场所实行完全无烟化是保障在这些公共场所工作者和公众免受被动吸烟危害的有效措施。[Objective] To evaluate the environmental smoke concentration in some public places without smoking ban such as hotels,stock exchanges and restaurants in Shanghai,so that to provide evidence for the smoke free legislation in Shanghai.[Methods] AM510 Aerosol monitor was used to measure the fine particle（PM2.5）concentrations in different public places（8 restaurants,8 stock exchanges and 8 hotels）through purposive sampling.[ Results] The average indoor PM2.5 concentration in the 24 public places without smoking ban was 304.30 μg/m^3 and was 99.19% higher than the outdoor PM2.5 concentration（152.77 μg/m^3）.PM2.5 average concentrations in hotels,stock exchanges and restaurants were 125.14,264.63 and 523.14 μg/m^3, respectively.The PM2.5 concentration in hotels and restaurants was significantly correlated with the density of the litten cigarettes（rs = 0.556,rs = 0.413;P 〈 0.01）.[ Conclusion] Passive smoking is very serious in hotels,stock exchanges and restaurants in Shanghai.Smoking ban policy is urgently demanded to diminish the passive smoking.A total ban on smoking is an effective way to protect the public and working staff from the danger of passive smoking.

关 键 词：公共场所 环境烟雾 被动吸烟 影响因素 禁烟 

分 类 号：R112[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]