小麦秸秆全量还田对土壤速效氮及水稻产量的影响  

Effect of Return of Total Wheat Straw on Soil Mineral Nitrogen Dynamics and Rice Yield

作　　者：李勇[1] 曹红娣[1] 邓九胜[1] 朱荣松 白洁瑞[1] 周航[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省金坛市农林局土肥站,江苏金坛213200

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2009年第4期46-51,共6页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：江苏省科技项目(BE2007356)

摘　　要：通过田间对比试验,研究了小麦秸秆全量还田后不同氮肥运筹模式下水稻产量及土壤氮素供应特征变化的差异。结果表明,总施氮量一致时,与秸秆不还田处理相比,小麦秸秆全量还田降低了后茬水稻生育前期（孕穗期之前）土壤速效氮（硝态氮和铵态氮）含量,而提高了生育后期（孕穗期之后）土壤速效氮含量,且同一生育期,秸秆还田氮肥优化运筹方案B[m（基蘖肥）∶m（穗肥）=6.5∶3.5,m（基肥）∶m（分蘖肥）=8∶2]较氮肥传统运筹方案A[m（基蘖肥）∶m（穗肥）=5∶5,m（基肥）：m（分蘖肥）=6∶4]土壤速效氮含量高。秸秆全量还田促进水稻生育后期氮素吸收与生物量增加,而抑制前期增长,且同一生育期秸秆还田配套氮肥运筹方案B水稻氮素与生物量累积高于方案A。等量施氮条件下,小麦秸秆全量还田显著提高水稻产量,且氮肥运筹方案B增产幅度更大。施氮量为270 kg.hm^-2时,秸秆还田配套氮肥运筹方案B和方案A分别较秸秆不还田处理水稻产量高9.3%和5.3%。秸秆全量还田主要通过增加水稻有效穗数实现增产,有效穗数分别较秸秆不还田处理高6.1%-14.5%。因此,小麦秸秆全量还田配套氮肥运筹方案B是实现水稻高产的有效措施。In order to provide theoretical basis for returning total wheat straw on rice production, a field experiment was conducted to study effect of ensuing nitrogen application after return of total wheat straw on rice yield and soil mineral nitrogen dynamics. Results show that with the total N application rate kept the same,Treatment RTWS （return of total wheat straw） significantly increased rice yield,and in Treatment RTWS,nitrogen application model B had a better yield-raising effect than model A. The experiment was designed to have nitrogen application split into 5 ： 5 between basal-tillering fertilizer and earing fertilizer, and 6 ： 4 between basal fertilizer and tillering fertilizer for Model A and into 6.5 ： 3.5 and 8 ： 2, respectively,for Model B, which is a modified one over on the basis of the former, Analysis of soil mineral nitrogen dynamics revealed that Treatment RTWS decreased NH4^＋ -N and NO3^--N contents in the soil before the rice booting stage,but increased the content of the latter afterwards,and that NO3^--N content was higher with Model B than with Model A at any rice growth stage. Compared with CK （no wheat straw returned） ,Treatment RTWS inhibited rice growth and nitrogen uptake before the booting stage, but acted reversely after the stage. However, in Treatment RTWS, Model B had higher rice biomass and rice nitrogen uptake than Model A at any rice growth stage. With the total N application rate set at 270 kg . hm^-2, Treatment RTWS coupled with Model B increased rice yield by 9.3% and by 5.3% ,respectively,over Treatment TRWS coupled with Model A and CK. Although effective ears ,grain weight and grains are major rice yield composition factors,Treatment RTWS increased mainly number of effective earings, by 6. 1% to 14. 5% over CK, thus improving the yield. Therefore, return of total wheat straw coupled with Model B in nitrogen application is an effective measure for higher rice yield.

关 键 词：小麦 秸秆还田 水稻产量 氮肥运筹 土壤速效氮 

分 类 号：S147.3[农业科学—肥料学] S158[农业科学—农业基础科学]