地震勘探在多种地震地质条件共存区域内的应用——以山西同煤集团马道头井田二维、三维地震勘探为例  

Application of Seismic Prospecting in Regions of Multiple Seismic Geological Conditions Coexisted——Case Studies of 2D and 3D Seismic Prospecting in Madaotou Minefield, Datong Coal Industrial Group, Shanxi

作　　者：张彦湘[1] 罗振丽[1] 张友林[1] 刘原英 

机构地区：[1]中国煤炭地质总局地球物理勘探研究院,河北涿州072750 [2]中国石油东方地球物理公司海上勘探事业部,天津大港300280

出　　处：《中国煤炭地质》2009年第A02期79-83,92,共6页Coal Geology of China

摘　　要：大同煤田为双纪煤田,侏罗纪煤田煤炭资源已近枯竭,开发石炭二叠纪煤田、接替侏罗纪煤田的衰老报废矿井工作迫在眉睫。马道头井田位于大同石炭二叠纪煤田中部,三面环山,为低山丘陵地形,高差297m,黄土梁发育,地表、浅层地震地质条件变化多样,属于多种地震地质条件共存的复杂地区。地震勘探在该区的应用效果表明,在同一勘探区,地震地质条件不同,采集参数也应不同;在该类地区施工应以机械钻机成孔为主,尽量在基岩内激发;在黄土区段单井激发效果不佳时,应采用组合井激发;灌水、填实及闷井是黄土塬区压制声波和面波干扰的最好方法;另外绿山静校正软件能有效解决地震反射波同相轴畸变,成像效果变差及构造假像等问题。The Datong coalfield is a bi-period coalfield. The Jurassic coal is nearly exhausted, thus to exploit Permo-Carboniferous coal and take over old out-of-selwiee mines extremely urgent. The Madaotou minefield is situated in the middle part of Datong Permo-Carboniferous eoalfiehl. Topographically it is besieged by mountains on three sides of hilly area with elevation difference 297m, well developed loess ridges and has various surface and near-surface seismic geological conditions, thus a multiple seismic geological conditions coexisted complex area. The application effect of seismic prospecting demonstrated that, in a same area with different seismic geological conditions, acquisition parameters should be different. The prospecting operations in this kind area, mainly mechanical drill rigs should be used, and shooting in bedrock as far as possible. If effect of single-borehole shots is not good, then combination borehole shooting should be used. Water filling, borehole stemming and stuffing are best methods to suppress acoustic wave and ground roll interferences in loose tableland. Besides, static correction through the Green Mountain MESA software can eliminate seismic reflection wave phase axis distortion, poor imaging effect and structural misleading appearances effectively.

关 键 词：二维地震勘探 三维地震勘探 地震地质条件 观测系统 采集参数 激发因素 静校正 资料解释 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]