东北3城市大气悬浮颗粒物浓度的季节变动与粒径分布  

Seasonal Change and Particle Diameter Distribution in Atmosphere of Three Northeast Cities

作　　者：张雪梅[1] 苏孟[2] 季若男 齐宏业[1] 田村宪治 

机构地区：[1]沈阳市疾病预防控制中心,辽宁沈阳110000 [2]沈阳市预防医学会 [3]日本国立环境研究所

出　　处：《中国卫生工程学》2009年第5期259-262,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health Engineering

基　　金：中日合作项目资助课题(2000-330-06-12)

摘　　要：目的了解东北3个不同类型城市的大气悬浮颗粒污染物的浓度、分布及季节变化情况。方法选择沈阳市、抚顺市、铁岭市不同区域各3所小学及附近10户居民（距校址500 m以内）为监测点,分别于2002、2003、2004年每季监测2 w,每次48 h连续采样,重量法测定大气悬浮颗粒物浓度、粒径分布和季节变化情况。结果3城市监测点的大气悬浮颗粒物污染情况相近。大气悬浮颗粒物浓度3城市3年内的冬、春两季都超过国家环境空气质量二级标准1.28～1.54倍;PM10浓度3城市3年内各季节每次日采样测量均超过国家环境空气质量二级标准1.07～2.22倍;PM2.5浓度超过美国EPA细颗粒物空气质量标准3.84～7.76倍。结论采暖期大气悬浮颗粒物污染加重,非采暖期大气悬浮颗粒物增加与沙尘暴过境有关。其中抚顺市大气悬浮颗粒物污染加重与工矿企业污染有关。Objective To know the concentration, distribution and seasonal variation situation of atmospheric suspended particulates in three northeast cities. Methods 3 elementary schools were chosen as test points in Shenyang, Fushun and Tieling of each city during 2002 - 2004, at the same time, 10 households were chosen living less than 500 m to schools. 9 schools were monitored for 2 weeks every season, 48 h continuous sampling was carried out each time and weight method determination was applied to monitor atmosphere suspended particulate density, grain - size distribution and seasonal variation situation. Results Atmospheric suspended particulates pollution situation in 3 cities was close. TSP in winter and spring seasons surpassed 1.28 -1.54 times of country ambient air quality secondary standard in three years; PM10 in various seasons of three years each time exceeded the allowed figure by 1.07 - 2. 22 times; PM2. 5 surpassed American EPA fine - grain air quality standardby 3. 84 - 7. 76 times, even each time the sampling observed value nearly surpassed the highest permissible value of American standard. Conclusion In winter atmosphere suspended particulates pollution aggravates. In summer the aggravation of atmospheric suspended particulates is related with the sand storm transit. In summer the aggravation of atmosphere suspended particulate pollution is related with industrial and mining establishment in Fushun.

关 键 词：大气悬浮颗粒物 可吸人颗粒 超细颗粒 

分 类 号：R122[医药卫生—环境卫生学]