施氮量对黄土旱塬区冬小麦产量和土壤水分动态的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Winter Wheat Grain Yield and Soil Moisture Dynamics in Rain-fed Farmland of the Loess Plateau

作　　者：沈新磊[1,2] 付秋萍[1,2] 王全九[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]西安理工大学水资源研究所,西安710048

出　　处：《生态经济》2009年第11期107-110,119,共5页Ecological Economy

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2005CB121103)

摘　　要：为了探明施氮量对黄土旱塬区冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)籽粒产量和麦田土壤水分动态的影响规律,以抗旱性冬小麦品种长武58为供试材料,于2006～2008年连续两个年度在陕西省长武县对不同施氮量条件下麦田土壤贮水量动态、耗水规律、小麦产量和夏闲期降水补给率等特征进行研究。结果表明,麦田土壤贮水量随季节和降水明显变化,同一生育时期2.7m土层的土壤贮水量基本随施氮量的增加而减少。偏旱年每公顷施氮300kg和平水年每公顷施氮225kg均能够获得当年最大的籽粒产量和水分利用效率。每公顷施氮75kg和225kg均能在夏闲期获得较大的降水补给率。每公顷施氮225kg更有利于黄土旱塬区冬小麦的高产和稳产。A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen application on winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） grain yield and soil moisture dynamics in rain-fed farmland of the Loess Plateau, China. Soil moisture storage, water consumption, grain yield and precipitation recharge rate in summer fallow period under different N application were studied by using the drought resistance winter wheat cultivar Changwu58 as test material from 2006 to 2008 in Changwu county, Shaanxi province. The results showed that soil moisture storage in 2.7m soil layers changed with season and precipitation, and decreased with the increasing of nitrogen application. Both 300 kgN·ha^-1 in dry year and 225 kgN·ha^-1 in average precipitation year could receive the maximum grain yield and water use efficiency. Both 75 kgN·ha^-1 and 225kgN·ha^-1 could receive higher precipitation recharge rate than other treatments. 225 kgN·ha^-1 was regarded as the optimum nitrogen application for high and stable winter wheat grain yield in rain-fed farmland of the Loess Plateau.

关 键 词：冬小麦(Trificum aesfivum L.) 施氮量 土壤贮水量 产量 黄土旱塬 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济] S512.1[农业科学—作物学]