千岛湖岛屿化对社鼠的肥满度之影响  

Preliminary Study on Relative Fatness of Niviventer confucianus on Islands of Qiandao Lake Region

作　　者：孙波[1] 鲍毅新[1] 张龙龙[1] 赵庆洋[1] 胡知渊[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学生态研究所,浙江金华321004

出　　处：《Zoological Research》2009年第5期545-552,共8页动物学研究（英文）

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(Y507080)

摘　　要：2008年5月以夹夜法对千岛湖区部分岛屿开展小型兽类种群数量调查,对其间捕获的优势鼠种——社鼠(Niviventer confucianus)进行解剖观察以及相应的测量,计算其肥满度指标K值(K=100W/L3);同时对岛屿化环境下,社鼠的肥满度与性别、年龄、生境类型、岛屿面积和捕获率等生态因子的关系进行了研究。结果显示:岛屿化对社鼠两性之间的肥满度产生影响,其差异程度由大型岛屿的显著差异(P=0.015)至中小型岛屿的无显著差异(中:P=0.063;小:P=0.288);年龄组间,除个别相邻年龄组差异显著(大:♂,I与II,P=0.042;中:♀和♂皆为II与III,P=0.013和P=0.044)或极显著(大:♀,III与IV,P=0.000)外,其余均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。社鼠肥满度年龄组间的变化主要与其自身生理特征变化有关,与岛屿化关系不明显;岛屿的隔离作用,致使不同类型岛屿上的植被优势种及丰富度存在明显差异,从而影响到社鼠的肥满度差异;各岛捕获率所示的社鼠种群的相对数量与其肥满度并无显著相关性(Pearson-test,♀,r=-0.226,P=0.437;♂,r=-0.019,P=0.949),岛屿化对其种群数量不产生影响;不同面积岛屿之间社鼠的肥满度差异极显著(P=0.000),且肥满度均值与岛屿面积呈显著正相关(Pearson test,r=0.561,P=0.037),岛屿面积不同,对社鼠的肥满度之变化产生影响。总之,千岛湖岛屿社鼠的肥满度差异的产生,除了性别、年龄等因素外,与岛屿的面积、生境及种群压力有直接或间接的关系,从侧面也反映了社鼠对岛屿环境的适应性。Relative fatness is an important general indicator of physiological body condition in small mammals and reflects their adaptive ability to the environment. In May 2008, we surveyed part islands in Qiandao Lake about the number of populations of small mammals through the night trapping method, anatomizing and measuring the dominant species Niviventer confucianus captured during the search, calculating the index of relative fatness K, （K=100W/L^3）, where L indicated the body length, and W was the carcass body weight; Meanwhile we investigates the relationship between the relative fatness and the changing characteristics in sex, age, habitat types and other factors under islanding conditions. Results indicated that islanding affected the N. confucianus fatness between the sexes and the extent of their differences ranged from significant level （large islands, P=0.015） to no significance （small and medium islands, P=0.063 and 0.288）; among age groups, only a few adjacent age groups had significant difference （large： ♂, Ⅰ and Ⅱ, P=-0.042; media： ♀and ♂all Ⅱ and Ⅲ, P=0.013 and 0.044） or very significantly （large： ♀,Ⅲ and Ⅳ, P=-0.000）, the others failed to meet the significant level （P〉0.05）. The changes ofN. confucianus fatness among age groups were mostly related to the changes of its own physiological characteristics; Isolated island resulted in significant difference in different types of dominant species and abundance, thus affecting the difference of fatness; There was significant difference （P=0.000） between different sizes islands and had significant positive correlation between them （Pearson test, r=0.561,P=-0.037）. In a word, in addition to sex and age, the islands area, habitat and population pressure all have a direct or indirect relationship with the difference of fatness in Qiandao Lake, which also reflects the adaptability of N. confucianus toislanding environment.

关 键 词：社鼠 肥满度 生境片段化 千岛湖岛屿 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]