青藏铁路沿线喜玛拉雅旱獭生态学研究  

The ecology study on Marmota Himalayan of the Qinghai-Tibet railway

作　　者：蒋志勇[1] 李景中[1] 西绕若登[1] 扎西[1] 格龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]西藏自治区疾病预防控制中心地方病防治所,拉萨850002

出　　处：《中国地方病防治》2009年第5期321-323,共3页Chinese Journal of Control of Endemic Diseases

基　　金："十五"国家科技攻关项目资助(2004BA718B08;2003BA712A09-02)

摘　　要：目的研究青藏铁路沿线鼠疫宿主动物喜玛拉雅旱獭生态学规律的,为预防控制鼠疫提供评价依据。方法对喜玛拉雅旱獭野外栖息环境、活动规律、洞巢的结构、食性生态指标进行现场观察和实验室分析和研究。结果旱獭为家族式群栖动物,营昼间活动;活动范围随旱獭个体、季节不同而异,6月活动范围广,9月活动范围小,雄性大于雌性,成体大于幼体。食物以羊胡草、苔草、紫花针茅等植物为主,繁殖期4～6月,平均子宫瘢5.3个,平均胎数3～7只,总体性别比接近1∶1。依据臼齿面磨损程度、体长、体重等特征划分年龄组,即1～9龄,种群年龄组为金字塔型。结论喜玛拉雅旱獭主要栖息在海拨3 000～5 460 m之间的高原草原、高山草甸、谷地灌丛草甸草原,喜玛拉雅旱獭属松鼠科旱獭属,在青藏铁路沿线区域属优势种群,其生态学特点与鼠疫在动物间的流行存在紧密关联,具有重要的流行病学价值。Objective To study of the Qinghai-Tibet railway plague host animals Marmota Himalayan Ecology Study for plague prevention and control provide the basis of evaluation.Methods Baibacina the wild habitat of the Himalayan environment,the activities of the law of the structure of the nest hole,feeding habits of ecological indicators of on-site observation and laboratory analysis and research.Results Marmota for the family group Migratory animals,business Diurnal activity;activities with baibacina individual,season varies,a wide range of activity in June;September scope of activities of small,male than female,adult than juvenile.Food Hu sheep grass,Carex,Stipa purpurea plant mainly breeding season April-June,the average uterine scar 5.3,the average number of children 3 to 7 only,the overall sex ratio near 1∶1.Based on the degree of molar wear noodle,body length,weight and other characteristics of cut-off age group,that is,one age 1-9 age,species age group for the pyramid.Conclusions Study shows that： Marmota Himalayan habitat at 3 000 to 5 460 meters in altitude between the plateau grassland,alpine meadow,valley shrub meadow grasslands,Himalaya is a squirrel Marmota Marmota Branch is in the region along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway an edge species,its ecological characteristics and inter-plague in animals closely related to the existence of the epidemic.Epidemiology has an important value.

关 键 词：生态学 喜玛拉雅旱獭 青藏铁路 

分 类 号：R516.8[医药卫生—内科学]