19世纪德国历史主义民族观、国家观和伦理观——兼评安托万·基扬《近代德国及其历史学家》  

On the Ideas of Nation,State and Morality of German Historicism in the 19^(th) Century:Review of Antoine Guilland's Modern Germany and Her Historians

作　　者：黄艳红[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所,助理研究员100006

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2009年第4期82-93,共12页Historiography Bimonthly

摘　　要：历史主义是19世纪德国史学的主要思潮,它强调历史的个体特性,排斥规范化、普适性的自然法思想。在民族观念上,19世纪的德国历史主义表现出明显的排他性,将德意志民族特性推向了极端;在政治观念上,它对国家权力抱有过分的乐观主义,拥护普鲁士威权国家,具有明显的反民主倾向;在伦理观念上,它陷入了道德判断上的相对主义和虚无主义,背离了启蒙时代普遍的人道主义精神,自觉或不自觉地将历史变成为强权政治辩护的工具。法国学者基扬早在19世纪末就已揭示出德国历史主义的这些消极因素。Historicism is the main ideological trend of the German historiography in the nineteenth century. It emphasizes the individuality of historical reality,rejects the normative and universal thought of the natural law.For its idea of nation,German historicism reveals obvious exclusiveness, pushes the German national characteristics to extremity.For its political idea,German historicism is too optimistic about the state power;it embraces the Prussian authoritative state,and shows evident anti - democratic disposition.For its idea of morality,German historicism falls into relativism and nihilism upon moral judgement,and turns history,either consciously or not,to an instrument which argues in favor of power politics.French scholar Antoine Guilland have revealed these pernicious elements of German historicism at the end of nineteenth century.

关 键 词：德国历史主义 民族观念 国家观念 伦理观念 

分 类 号：K516[历史地理—历史学]