改进型地下渗滤系统在污水脱氮中的应用  

Application of the improved subsurface sewage infiltration system to its nitrogen removing

作　　者：李英华[1,2] 孙铁珩[1,2] 李海波[2] 

机构地区：[1]东北大学资源与土木工程学院,沈阳110004 [2]沈阳大学污染环境的生态修复与资源化技术教育部重点实验室,沈阳110044

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2009年第5期59-62,共4页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金项目(20082195);沈阳市科技计划资助项目(1081100-1-00)

摘　　要：为缩短启动时间,提高脱氮效果,通过添加自制生物制剂(由原土、活性污泥、草炭、鸡粪、炉渣等按比例配成)的方法对地下渗滤工艺加以改进,并对改进型地下渗滤系统的启动、微生物种群分布、脱氮效果以及运行情况进行了试验研究。结果表明:进水水力负荷6.5cm·d^(-1)、COD的污染负荷300 ng·L^(-1)时,改进型地下渗滤系统22～25d即可完成启动过程;氨化、硝化以及反硝化细菌在进、出水口分布均匀,活性强;水力负荷4.0～8.1 cm·d^(-1),进水NH_3-N、TN质量浓度分别为92～103 mg·L^(-1)、108～122 mg·L^(-1)时,NH_3-N的去除率96.3%～97.4%,总氮的去除率88.5%～89.8%,改进后系统处理污水的最佳水力负荷为8.1 cm·d^(-1)。This paper is to introduce its authors＇ study on the subsurface infiltration system and its application to removing nitrogen from the sewage. As compared with the conventional activated sludge treating process, subsurface infiltration system may have more advantages, including low construction, operation costs and easy maintenance. However, there remain problems with the removal of nitrogen usually due to the complicated interior environment of the application, particularly with its start-up period being a bit longer. Therefore, in order to shorten the starting time and improve the nitrogen removing efficiency from the subsurface sewage, we have innovated the infiltration system for domestic sewage treating, with the system improved by adding a kind of bio-substrate （composed of activated sludge, raw soil, grass carbon, and so on）. We have given particular attention to the study of the nitrogen removing efficiency, microbial population distribution and pollutants removing efficiency varying with the seasonal change of the improved infiltration system. The results of our study indicate that on the condition that the hydraulic loading is 6.5 cm·d^-1 at the start-up stage, the concentration of COD should be at 300 mg· L^-1. Then, it is observed that during the whole experimental period, the activities were going on with ammonifying, nitrifying and denitrifying of the bacteria at entrance and exporting. In such a situation, ammonia, nitrogen and the total nitrogen removing rates were registered as 96.3% - 97.4% and 88.5% - 89.8%, respectively, under the condition of hydraulic loading being 4.0 - 8.1 cm·d^-1, which suggests that the improved system had higher nitrogen effects at the low hydraulic loading. However, the pollutants removing rates prove to change little with the altering of seasons. Thus, the innovated infiltration system herein proposed is greatly advantageous in high nitrogen and organic removing rate, shorter start-up time and much higher load-resistant power due to the presence of bio-substra

关 键 词：水污染防治工程 地下渗滤 脱氮 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]