某公共娱乐场所火灾CO浓度数值模拟及其消防整改措施的有效性分析  

CO concentration simulation in case of the fire in recreational areas and suggestions for improved precautions

作　　者：丁谢镔[1] 侯遵泽[1] 李胜利[1] 吕乔森[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民武装警察部队学院训练部,河北廊坊065000 [2]中国地质大学工程学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2009年第5期144-149,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

摘　　要：室内火灾中大部分伤亡是由CO中毒引起,进行公共娱乐场所火灾中CO浓度数值模拟、探讨相应的改进措施至关重要。以2005年广东省中山市酒吧"12·25"特大火灾为研究对象,利用FDS 5.0模拟软件对上述酒吧火灾中CO浓度变化情况进行数值模拟分析,同时对各改进措施的改善程度进行比较。结果表明,酒吧内部所用装修材料不合格使火灾时CO体积分数超标是造成人员大量伤亡的主要原因;依据各改进措施的比较,改用不燃物作为顶棚材料是最有效的方案,在酒吧内设置自动水喷淋系统也能对火灾起到较好抑制作用。The present paper intends to introduce its authors＇ CO concentration simulation in case of the fire of recreationalareas and suggestions for improved precautions. The said concentration simulation has been derived from the case of a bar in a city of Zhongshan, Guangdong, where a serious fire accidents took place on December 25, 2005. FDS software we have adopted for simulation and obtained the records of CO concentrations, on the basis of which all the items of improved preventive measures are compared. The curves of CO concentrations gained by us show that the main cause leading to heavy casualties turned to be that the CO concentrations went up beyond the control limit that resulted due to the low-qualify fitment materials inside the bar. The rise of the fire flame was so quick and violent that the CO concentrations would soon reach and then surpass the up-limit value in a short break that the human beings can hardly endure. Later then, the spread of the fire and smoke would make the sufferers of the accident in the bar lose strength and energy for escape with next mo- ment coming for them to be able to give any active response to the disaster. Seeing the situation, we have put forward four improved precautions in our simulated model, that is, opening some windows, installing the tap-water spray pumping system, installing the smoke- exhausting equipment and bedecking combustion-retardant material on the ceiling of the room. All in all, among all the precautious measures suggested here, the best one is to decorate the room with combustion-retardant or resistant material. Therefore, it is of essential necessity to control the quality of the fitting material used for the recreational buildings and check the safety measures in such areas before starting business. It is also of great need to install the tap-water spray pumping system so as to reduce the fire-flame spreading effectively and win the time for people in the bar to get out of it.

关 键 词：环境工程 室内火灾 公共娱乐场所 数值模拟 CO浓度 

分 类 号：X928.7[环境科学与工程—安全科学]