核除剂武器概念研究进展  

Current research progress on the notion of nuclear defeat agent weapon

作　　者：陈晓明[1] 王兵[2] 谭碧生[2] 张建国[1] 彭汝芳[2] 楚士晋[2] 

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院,四川绵阳621010 [2]西南科技大学材料科学与工程学院,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2009年第5期161-164,共4页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：中国工程物理研究院科学技术发展基金项目(2008A0103002);西南科技大学核废物与环境安全国防重点学科实验室基金项目(07JGZB07)

摘　　要：使生化制剂失效的过程称为除剂或中和,2002年美国提出了核除剂武器的概念。从核除剂方法原理、核除剂武器的特点、美国核除剂效应的理论研究和实验研究现状等方面进行了总结。美国1991年提出了低当量核武器的概念,随后采用MCNP4A耦合中子-光子蒙特卡洛程序,分别计算了低当量核弹头和核拦截器产生的瞬发辐射和缓发裂变残留对不同存在方式的生化制剂的中和效果,同时美国军事放射生物研究所进行了辐照灭活生化制剂有效性的实验研究。研究表明,核除剂武器具有原位中和、致命性、彻底性和实战性等特点,也同样具有使用引起的附带毁伤效应大的弱点,同时有降低核武器使用"门槛"的危险。This paper is aimed to make a comprehensive review over the current research progress on the notion of nuclear defeat agent weapon, including the principle of nuclear defeat agent methods, the characteristic features of defeat agent weapons, as well as the research status both in theory and in practice in the United States. Such kind of process is known as the defeat agent or neutralization of the nuclear weapons. So far as we know, the notion was formally put forward definitely in the USA in 2002, which is used to refer to the method of using low yield nuclear explosion with the comprehensive effect of extremely high temperature, high pressure, and strong radiation to destroy the biological and chemical warfare agents as well as their storage, portable facilities, etc. The concept of low-yield nuclear weapons firstly appeared in the United States in 1991. Later, it was in Hans Kruger of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory that calculated the effects of biological and chemical warfare agents of various models to be neutralized by prompt and delay radiation from low yield nuclear warhead and interceptor. When the researchers concerued eventually accomplished the MCNP4A coupled neutron-photon Monte Carlo transport code during the later years, lots of research experiments were carried out by the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute on the validity of radiation inactivation biology and chemical warfare agents. The conclusion they have made is that the so-called nuclear defeat agent weapons should possess all the characteristic features, including neutralization in situ, lethality, complete and actual combating power, though they may have the weakness leading to a large parenthesis damage effect, which may involve the danger of reducing the ＂threshold＂ of nuclear weapon application.

关 键 词：安全工程 核除剂武器 生物武器 化学武器 反恐 

分 类 号：E118[军事—军事理论]