中国红豆杉属及其近缘植物的遗传变异和亲缘关系分析  

GENETIC VARIATION AND RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN TAXUS AND BETWEEN THE GENUS AND PSEUDOTAXUS IN CHINA

作　　者：周其兴[1,2] 葛颂[1,2] 顾志建[1,2] 岳中枢 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院昆明植物研究所 [2]中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学开放研究实验室

出　　处：《植物分类学报》1998年第4期323-332,共10页Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica

基　　金：云南省自然科学基金

摘　　要：采用水平式淀粉凝胶电泳技术，对中国产红豆杉属Ｔａｘｕｓ３种１变种以及白豆杉Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｔａｘｕｓｃｈｉｅｎｉ共１２个居群的遗传多样性进行了检测。对７个酶系统９个酶位点的分析结果表明，红豆杉属和白豆杉的种内遗传多样性水平较高，各类群的多态位点比率（Ｐ）为４４．４％～７７．８％，等位基因平均数（Ａ）为１．６～２．１，平均期望杂合度（Ｈｅ）和实际观察杂合度（Ｈｏ）分别为０．０６５～０．１５２和０．０６８～０．１１１。根据对等位酶实验结果的分析，结果表明除云南红豆杉Ｔ．ｙｕｎｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ与红豆杉属其它几个种的遗传一致度稍低（Ｉ＝０．７２７～０．８０４）外，红豆杉属的其它几个种的遗传一致度较高（０．９０６～０．９９５），体现其亲缘关系很近。笔者建议将红豆杉属的这几个种合并为一个种，并根据地理分布及不同生境发生的变异在种下设地理宗。同时根据等位酶的实验分析结果，白豆杉和红豆杉属各种的比较有显著差异。In the present paper, genetic diversity of 12 populations of four Taxus taxa and one species of monotypic genus Pseudotaxus in China were studied by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Seven enzymes encoded by nine loci were assessed. Genetic diversity within 5 taxa were relatively high with the proportion of polymorphic loci (P) ranging from 44.4% to 77.8%, average number of alleles per locus (A) from 1.6 to 2.1; mean expected and observed heterozygosity (He,Ho) per locus from 0.065 to 0.152 and 0.068 to 0.111, respectively. Combined with the analysis of other characters, the results from allozyme analysis suggest that there be very close relationships between the three species and one variety in Taxus, with high genetic identities (I) between them(from 0.727 to 0.995) except those between T. yunnanensis and other taxa in Taxus(0.727～0.804). Consequently, we propose that these taxa in Taxus be treated as different geographical races within a single species. Also the taxonomic position of Pseudotaxus as a distinct genus is supported by our allozyme data.

关 键 词：红豆杉属 白豆杉属 遗传变异 种间关系 

分 类 号：Q943[生物学—植物学] Q949.666