宁夏青铜峡灌区农区非农区的水盐均衡研究  

Study on the water and salt balance of farming areas and non-farming areas in Ningxia Qingtongxia irrigation area

作　　者：韩宇平[1] 

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电学院,河南郑州450011

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2009年第11期224-230,共7页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX07209-002);水利部公益性行业专项经费项目(200801015)

摘　　要：【目的】研究宁夏引黄灌区的水盐均衡情况,为灌区中低产田改造和水盐调控提供科学依据。【方法】将灌区分为农区、非农区、水域3部分,采用建立的农区-非农区-水域水分转化与均衡模型,研究宁夏青铜峡灌区的水盐运移与转化的关系。【结果】2000年进入灌区的水量包括灌区降水5.04亿m3和引黄灌溉60.29亿m3。灌区水分消耗和转化各项中,农区地面蒸发量为23.41亿m3,非农区地面蒸发量为5.45亿m3,水域蒸发量为4.21亿m3,农区向水域地下水迁移量为3.12亿m3,农区向非农区地下水迁移量为3.68亿m3;2000年青铜峡灌区农区总进盐量为268.68万t,总排盐量为444.43万t,即灌区耕地当年总脱盐量为175.75万t。灌区排出耕地的盐量由3部分组成:通过耕地排水排出的盐量为342.43万t,占总排盐量的77.05%;通过农区向非农区的地下水迁移排出的盐量(非农区积盐量)为46.80万t,占总排盐量的10.53%;通过农区向水域的地下水迁移排出的盐量(水域积盐量)为55.20万t,占总排盐量的12.42%。说明盐荒地和水域的旱排能力相当重要。【结论】探明了灌区水盐平衡与转化规律,灌区非农区和水域对灌区排盐具有重要作用。[Objective] To provide scientific basis for transformation of low-yielding fields and regulating water and salt, the water and salt balance in the Ningxia Yellow river irrigation area was studied.[Method] First, the irrigation area was divided into farming areas, non-farming areas and water areas; secondly, the water balance model of farming areas, non-farming areas and water areas was established, and the water salt movement, transforming relations of the Qingtongxia irrigation area in Ningxia was researched.[Result] In 2000, the amount of water entering the irrigation area,including precipitation and the Yellow River water,was 5.04× 10^8 m^3 and 60.29 × 10^8 m^3 respectively. Water consumption and transformation in the irrigation were as follows： ground evaporation in farming area was 2. 341 × 10^9 m^3, surface evaporation in non-farming area was 5.45 × 10^8 m^3 ,evaporation in water area was 4.21 × 10^8 m^3 ,groundwater in farming areas migrating to the water area of 3.12 × 10^8 m^3 ,groundwater in farming area migrating to non-farming area of 3. 68 × 10^8 m^3, the salt access of the farming area in Qingtongxia irrigation district in 2000 2 686.8 × 10^3 t,and the total drainage salt 4 444.3 × 10^3 t,that is,the total desalination capacity of farmland in irrigation area was 1 757.5 × 10^3 t. The drainage salt from farmland in irrigation area consisted of three parts ： （1） the salt from farmland drainage reached 3 424.3 × 10^3 t, 77.05 % of the total; （2） The migration salt with groundwater from farming areas to non-farming areas was 468 × 10^3 t,10. 53% of the total; （3） the migration salt with groundwater from farming areas to water areas was 552 × 10^3 t, 12.42% of the total. So the desalination capacity of the farmland areas and water areas is indispensable. [Conclusion] The rules of water and salt balance and transformation are found, and it shows the non-farming areas and water areas drainage salt play an important role.

关 键 词：宁夏引黄灌区 农区 非农区 水域 水盐均衡 

分 类 号：S273[农业科学—农业水土工程]