某地既往有偿供血人群艾滋病歧视状况研究  

A study of HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination among former plasma donors in rural areas

作　　者：曹晓斌[1] 冯国泽[2] 徐杰[1] 庞琳[1] 张洪波[3] 斗智[1] 徐臣[4] 柔克明[1] 吴尊友[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病预防控制中心健康教育与行为干预室,北京100050 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心控烟办公室监测室 [3]安徽医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系 [4]阜阳市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2009年第11期1022-1025,共4页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：基金项目：美国国立卫生研究院中国综合性艾滋病研究项目[ChinaCIPIRA（1U19A151915）];中国艾滋病预防多学科培训项目[China-ICOHRTA（1U2RTW006918）]

摘　　要：目的了解因既往有偿供血造成艾滋病流行地区艾滋病歧视现象及其产生原因和影响因素。方法在安徽省某地利用目的抽样法从人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者、家庭成员、村民及卫生工作者中各选择20名共80名作为调查对象。采用一对一深入访谈的方法，了解艾滋病歧视现象，分析产生原因与影响因素。结果80名调查对象中，1名未完成调查，在完成调查的79名中，歧视的主要表现形式是扩大的歧视[81．0％（64／79）]，嫌弃、回避及抛弃，看病时受到歧视[47．4％（28／59）]，失去社会支持[33．3％（13／39）]等。艾滋病流行严重的村庄歧视相对较轻，艾滋病流行较轻的村庄歧视较严重。对艾滋病存在错误认识[57．5％（23／40）]、恐惧[32．5％（13／40）]及道德判断是歧视产生的主要原因。为了避免家人和孩子的正常生活受到影响，多数HIV感染者不愿暴露身份。结论由于对艾滋病的错误认识等，导致歧视现象严重，亟须开展减少歧视相关工作。Objective To understand the types of, reasons for and sources of stigma and discrimination in a rural community where the majority of people living with HIV/AIDS （PLHA） are former plasma donors （FPDs）. Methods Eighty local residents, including 20 HIV-positive villagers,20 family members,20 villagers from non-HIV-positive households and 20 health workers, were selected as study subjects by using purposive sampling method in rural areas of Anhui Province. Face-to-face interviews and focus group discussions were held to collect information on HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination and its contributing factors. Results Of the 80 study subjects,1 didn＇t finish the survy. Of the 79 subjects who finished the survy,the main forms of stigma and discrimination were expanded stigma[ 81.0% （64/79）], abandonment and avoidance, stigma and discrimination in heahhcare setting[47.4% （28/59） ], loss of social support[33.3% （13/39） 1. The level of stigma was less in village where were more HlV-positive villagers living and vice versa. The reasons for stigma and discrimination included： ignorance or misunderstanding of HIV/AIDS [ 57.5% （ 23/40 ） ], fear of HIV/AIDS [ 32.5% （ 13/40 ） ] and morality judgment toward PI,HA. The majority of HIV positive participants were unwilling to disclose their positive status to others in order to protect their family members and children. Conclusion Ignorance and misunderstanding of HIV/ AIDS were main contributing factors to HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination and it is very important to implement appropriate intervention programs to reduce stigma and discrimination.

关 键 词：供血者 获得性免疫缺陷综合征 偏见 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]