贵州省少数民族耳疾与听力障碍流行病学调查报告  

The Epidemiologic Study of Hearing Loss and Ear Diseases in Minority Nationalities in Guizhou Province

作　　者：刘宇清[1] 王幼勤[1] 杨崇玲[1] 许世文[2] 薛晓红[1] 李斐[1] 叶清[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州省人民医院听力中心,贵阳550002 [2]贵州省疾病预防控制中心传染病防治研究所

出　　处：《听力学及言语疾病杂志》2009年第5期435-439,共5页Journal of Audiology and Speech Pathology

基　　金：WHO全球防聋项目资助(H-16-181-6);贵州省卫生厅计划课题资助[黔卫发(2003)150号]

摘　　要：目的调查目前贵州省少数民族人群听力障碍与耳疾的流行病学情况,为该地区耳聋防治提供科学依据。方法根据WHO方案,用容量比例概率抽样方法调查贵州省30个抽样点共6626人的听力和耳疾情况,抽取调查人群中17个民族的资料进行统计分析。结果少数民族听力减退总的现患率为16.77%,其中侗族为25.93%,土家族为19.39%,白族为18.50%,苗族为15.84%,布依族为12.87%,穿青族为11.63%,其他民族为8.22%。少数民族听力残疾总现患率为6.13%,其中土家族现患率(11.03%)最高。贵州省少数民族的听力减退及听力残疾现患率与汉族(分别为17.15%和6.03%)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。少数民族耳疾现患率为17.11%,明显高于汉族(12.31%)(P<0.001),其中以分泌性中耳炎和耵聍栓塞现患率最高。中耳炎是贵州省少数民族人群听力残疾的首要病因。结论贵州省少数民族与汉族听力残疾现患率均明显高于全国平均水平,其中中耳炎致残占相当大的比例,提示有效防治中耳炎是防聋治聋的重要工作。Objective To investigate the prevalence of bearing loss and ear diseases in minority nationalities in Guizhou province. The results could provide a scientific foundation for the treatment and prevention of deafness. Methods Using the probability proportion to size （PPS） method, seventeen nationalities were investigated in 30 clusters in Guizhou province in accordance with the WHO protocol. Results The prevalence of hearing impairment in minority nationalities was 16.77%. Among the groups, the individual prevalence for Dong nationality was 25.93%, for Tujia nationality 19.39%, for Bai nationality 18.50%, for Miao nationality 15.84%, for Buyi nationality 12.87%, for Chuanqing nationality 11.63% and for others 8.22%. The prevalence of hearing disability in minority nationalities was 6.13% with Tujia nationality ranked in the top. There were not statistically significant differences in the prevalence of hearing impairment and hearing disability between minority nationalities and Han nationality. The prevalence of ear diseases in minority nationalities was 17.11%, obviously higher than that in Han nationality（12.31%）. The prevalence of secretary otitis media and impacted cerumen were the greatest among all the ear diseases studied. The first cause of hearing disability in minority nationalities was otitis media. Conclusion The prevalence of hearing disability of minority nationalities and Han nationality in Guizhou province was higher than that of the national average level. Because otitis media was the primary cause of hearing loss, prevention for possible middle ear diseases is necessary. The findings of this study are able to provide references for the medical treatments and health education in Guizhou provincial minorities.

关 键 词：少数民族 听力障碍 听力残疾 耳疾 流行病学 贵州省 

分 类 号：H181.32[语言文字—汉语]