Genetic Analysis on Chromosome of Hybrid F_1 between Elymus canadensis and Elymus sibiricus  

加拿大披碱草与老芒麦种间杂种F_1的染色体遗传分析(英文)

作　　者：李景环[1,2] 云锦凤[1] 都日斯哈拉[2] 邢婧民[2] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [2]内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《Agricultural Science & Technology》2009年第5期67-71,共5页农业科学与技术（英文版）

基　　金：Supported by Research on Distant Hybridization Breeding of Forage(2008BADB3B02)in the Eleventh Five-year Plan Period;the Major Scientific and Technical Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,"Products Development of High Quality Adequet Grass"~~

摘　　要：Morphologic and cytological characteristics of hybrid F1 between E. canadensis and E. sibidcus were studied. The results showed that hybrid F1 were obviously exceeded parents in plant growth vigor, and spike type of F1 was between parents. The karyotype formula of hybrid F1 which was true hybrid was 2n =4x=16M ＋ 10m ＋2st. At meiotic anaphase, chromosome lagging behaviors were frequently observed. The frequency of lagging chromosomes of F1 was 87.37%. At meiotic metaphase, there were many univalents and multivalents, and the rod bivalent formed greatly.对加拿大披碱草与老芒麦种间杂种F1的形态学和细胞学特征进行研究。形态学观察结果表明,杂种F1的穗形介于双亲之间,呈半弯曲形,其母本加拿大披碱草植株浅绿色,茎粗糙,穗粗大而弯曲,每节2～3小穗,颖和外稃粗糙具短毛。父本老芒麦全株粉绿色,穗状花序疏松下垂,每节2小穗,每小穗3～5小花。杂种F1植株灰绿色,粗糙,外稃和颖具柔毛,偏向母本加拿大披碱草。加拿大披碱草染色体都是由中部着丝粒染色体组成,染色体相对长度范围在10～4.65,最长染色体与最短染色体之比为2.2:1,臂比介于1.14～1.35。染色体核型公式为2n=4x=28m,属于1A类型。老芒麦染色体核型公式为2n=4x=22m+6sm,属于1B型;F1的染色体数为2n=4x=28,染色体相对长度的变异范围在8.83～4.42,臂比值变化在1.00～3.33。其中,第1、5、7、9、11、12、13、14对染色体为正中着丝粒(M)染色体,第3对为近端着丝粒染色体,剩下的染色体为中部着丝粒染色体,其中,正中着丝粒(M)染色体的数目增加,近中着丝粒染色体(sm)已不存在。L/S恰好为2:1,核型类型为2B。核型公式为2n=4x=16M+10m+2st。通过形态学和染色体的核型分析可以初步确定,F1是真杂种;但杂种F1不结实。加拿大披碱草和老芒麦含有落后染色体细胞的频率较低,分别为0.96%和2.76%;F1减数分裂后期染色体的分配出现了异常行为,染色体有落后现象,落后的染色体细胞频率较高,达87.37%,F1在减数分裂中期一部分染色体也能配对形成二价体,但染色体配对杂乱无章,棒状二价体占多数,环状二价体较少,且出现多价体。

关 键 词：E. canadensis E. sibiricus Distant hybrid CHROMOSOME 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]