北极问题的国际法分析和思考  

Analysis of the Struggle in the Arctic Region from the Perspective of International Law

作　　者：黄志雄[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学国际法研究所

出　　处：《国际论坛》2009年第6期8-13,共6页International Forum

基　　金：2004年教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"中国和平发展的重大国际法律问题"(批准号:04JZD0015)子课题研究成果之一

摘　　要：全球变暖使北极在资源、交通、军事等方面的重要性不断凸显,这一地区的法律地位和相关制度却仍然存在很多不确定性,从而为有关国家争夺的加剧埋下了隐患。俄罗斯等国对于200海里以外大陆架的主张充分表明了这一点。应尽快在联合国主持下,就缔结一份全面的《北极条约》进行谈判,冻结或者取消《联合国海洋法公约》有关外大陆架规定在北极海域的适用,确立各国管辖范围之外的北极海域作为"人类共同继承财产"的法律地位,明确北极科考、环保、资源开发等方面的法律制度并冻结该地区的军事化使用。The significance of the Arctic region in terms of resources,transportation and military use has been enhanced by global warming. However,this region has also suffered from uncertainties concerning its legal status as well as relevant legal regimes. As is shown in the case of Russia's claim to the outer continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles,such uncertainties may contribute to the intensification of struggles between nations in the region. Against this background,the international community should,under the auspice of the United Nations,initiate negotiations towards a comprehensive Arctic Treaty,to suspend or terminate the application of the provisions concerning outer continental shelf in the UN Convention of the Law of the Sea in this region,to establish the Arctic Sea beyond national jurisdiction as Common Heritage of Mankind,to concretize the Arctic legal regimes concerning scientific exploitation,environmental protection,resources development,etc,and to freeze the military use of the region.

关 键 词：北极 国际法 北极条约 联合国海洋法公约 

分 类 号：D51[政治法律—政治学]