长期定位施肥对夏玉米光合特性及产量的影响研究  

Effect of long-term fertilization on photosynthetic property and yield of summer maize (Zea mays L.)

作　　者：曹彩云[1] 郑春莲[1] 李科江[1] 马俊永[1] 崔彦宏[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所河北省作物抗旱研究重点实验室农业部衡水潮土生态环境重点野外科学观测实验站,衡水053000 [2]河北农业大学农学院,保定071001

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2009年第6期1074-1079,共6页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家粮食丰产科技工程项目河北课题(2006BAD02A08);国家科技支撑计划(2007BAD69B08)资助

摘　　要：在长期定位试验基础上,采用以化肥为主处理、玉米秸秆为副处理的二因素裂区设计,通过对夏玉米叶面积、叶面积指数、功能叶叶绿素含量等光合特性及产量构成等的研究,探讨了秸秆与氮磷化肥配施对夏玉米光合特性及产量的影响。研究结果表明:长期施用秸秆对夏玉米增产有积极作用,但产量的增加主要靠化肥的投入,秸秆和化肥配施能更大幅度地增加夏玉米产量。从植株光合特性看,随氮磷化肥用量的增加,夏玉米叶面积和叶面积指数增大,到灌浆后期叶面积指数维持在3.5左右。长期不施肥和仅施秸秆处理玉米功能叶叶绿素含量低。长期施用秸秆促进了玉米叶面积的增加,其增产作用表现在穗粒数的增加上。化肥和秸秆配施在促进玉米生长的同时还能延缓叶片衰老,更大程度地增加穗粒数,提高千粒重,进而增加夏玉米产量。秸秆还田和氮磷化肥配施是该区较好的施肥模式。Based on a long-term fertilization split design experimentation, the effect of combined chemical fertilizer and straw application on photosynthetic property and yield of summer maize was determined. The main treatment in the study was chemical fertilization, and maize-straw fertilization was the sub-treatment. The variables investigated include leaf area, leaf area index and chlo-rophyll content. The results indicate that though long-term maize-straw application positively influences maize yield, a large-scale yield increase mainly relies on chemical fertilization. Yield for the combined application of maize-straw and chemical fertilizer is much higher than that for individual applications of the fertilizers. The indices for photosynthesis, leaf area, leaf area index increase with increasing application of chemical fertilizer, and the leaf area index keeps around 3.5 at the late filling stage. Long-term application of maize-straw increases leaf area and grain number hence yields. In comparison with chemical fertilizer, maize-straw application only or no fertilization decrease the chlorophyll content. The combination of maize-straw and chemical fertilizer further increases grain number and 1000-grain weight, delays leaf decrepitude and prolongs leaf functional period, eventually increases summer maize yield. Combined application of chemical fertilizer and crop straw is a better fertilization mode for high summer maize yield in the study area.

关 键 词：长期定位试验 夏玉米 秸秆还田 氮磷化肥 光合特性 玉米产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]