英汉静态存在句中动词语义特征的对比研究  

Contrastive Analysis of Semantic Features of Atypical Verbs in the English and Chinese Static Existential Sentences

作　　者：田臻[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学

出　　处：《外语与外语教学》2009年第11期16-20,共5页Foreign Languages and Their Teaching

摘　　要：除原型存在动词外,英汉静态存在句对动词的限制具有一定的差异性。针对这一现象,本文对出现在该句式中的英汉存在动词的语义类型进行了比较,并在语料分析和归纳的基础上总结出了两者语义特征的异同：1）两者都具有＂非动力＂特征;2）汉语静态存在句中的动词动作性较强,多表达位移事件;英语静态存在句中的动词动作强弱不一,与位移事件的关联也没那么紧密。最后,本文从认知语义学的角度对上述差异进行解释,认为汉语静态存在句中的动词多强调＂位移的终点＂而英语静态存在句中的动词强调的则是＂事件结果＂。另外,英语静态存在句还可以运用＂假想运动＂,以假想的运动状态来指称事物的静止状态。To account for verb selection differences between the English and Chinese Static Existential Sentences, this paper analyzes semantic fea- tures of atypical verbs in such sentences based on a study of their instances in corpus. Cognitive semantic approach is adopted to explain differences in se- mantic features of English and Chinese Existential Sentences. It is revealed that English atypical existential verbs mainly focus on ＂event ~ult＂ while Chi- nese atypical existential verbs mainly focus on ＂endpoint of motion＂. Besides,＂fictive motion＂ is found to be applied in English static existential verbs.

关 键 词：英汉静态存在动词 非动力特征 位移终点 事件结果 假想运动 

分 类 号：H0[语言文字—语言学]