我国1997年急性弛缓性麻痹病例流行病学分析  

Epidemiological Analysis of AFP Cases in 1997 in China

作　　者：张荣珍[1] 曹雷[1] 徐涛[1] 王晓军[1] 张兰香[1] 柴锋[1] 张兴录[1] 王克安[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国预防医学科学院全国计划免疫技术指导中心

出　　处：《中国计划免疫》1998年第6期316-321,共6页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

摘　　要：１９９７年，全国急性弛缓性麻痹（ＡＦＰ）病例监测系统共报告ＡＦＰ病例４７７１例。按病毒学分类标准，２６０例为临床符合病例，４５５１例为非脊灰ＡＦＰ病例。未发现本土及输入的脊髓灰质炎（脊灰）野病毒病例，这是我国自１９９４年１０月以来连续３年未发现本土脊灰野病毒病例。４７７１例ＡＦＰ病例分布在１９４９个县（区、市、旗，下同），占全国总县数的６８．６％。１９９７年ＡＦＰ病例已无明显发病高锋，病例年龄仍以５岁以下为主，占６７．９％。ＡＦＰ病例零剂次免疫占６．６％，１～２剂次占９．６％，≥３剂次占８１．９％。ＡＦＰ病例麻痹后０～１４天合格粪便标本采集率达到８２％，分离出脊灰病毒Ⅰ型３６株，Ⅱ型９７株、Ⅲ型４１株、混合４８株，脊灰病毒与肠道病毒混合２５株；肠道病毒７７５株，肠道病毒分离率１６．３％。全国以省为单位ＡＦＰ病例监测系统各项指标均接近或达到世界卫生组织（ＷＨＯ）和卫生部的要求。但全国仍有３００个县（约占１０％）０～１４岁人口３年积累＞１０万未报告ＡＦＰ病例。虽然经过３次全国强化免疫日（ＮＩＳｓ）活动及两次亚全国强化免疫日（ＳＮＩＤｓ）活动，ＡＦＰ病例中仍存在着免疫空白。今后应进一步消除监测盲区及免疫空白区，特?In l997, a total of 4,771 AFP cases were reported by the AFP surveillance sys- tem in China, of which 260 were clinically compatible polio cues and 4, 551 were non - polio AFP cases according to the virologic classification standard. Neither the indigenous nor the imported wild type poliovirus was found, that was almost three successive years for not having indigenous wild type poliovirus been detected since the October of 1994 in our country. The 4, 771 AFP cases distributed in 1949 counties (Prefecture, City, Banner, the same below)that acoounted for 68.6% of the total counties of the whole country. The age of the AFP caes was dominantly under 5 years old accounting for 67.9% of the total AFP cases No obvious sea- sonalpeakofdiseaseoasetwasfound.OfalltheAFPcases,thezero-dosevaccinationwas 6.6%, the l-2 doses was9.6% and the≥3 doses was 8l.9%. The adequate two stool specimen collecting rate of AFP cases within 0 - 14 days after onset of paralysis was 82%. The vi- ruses isolated were 36 polio I strains , 97 polio Ⅱstrains , 4 1 polio Ⅲstrains , 48 mixed - poliovirus strains , 25 polio - enterovirus mixed strains and 775 non - polio enterovirus strains , the isolation rate of enterovirus was 1 6. 3%. Every indexes carriedout by AFP surveillance systems in the provinces reached or almost reached the requirements laid down by the WHO. However, there were 300 counties (about 10% of the total counties of the whole country)that had not reported the AFP cases under 1 5 years old for 3 accumulated years the number of these unreported cases was more than one hundred thousand. Also, there still existed vaccination gaps among the AFP cases, though 3 NIDs and additional 2 SNIDs had been car- ried out. According to these situations, from now on, we should make effort to diminish the blind area of AFP surveillance and the vaccination gap, to pay more attention to the immunization of floating population and to raise the surveillance level in recognizing the im- ported wild - type poliovirus .

关 键 词：急性 弛缓性麻痹 流行病学 

分 类 号：R512.401[医药卫生—内科学] R186[医药卫生—临床医学]