论中国内地与港澳区际民商事司法协助及其完善  

The Regional Judicial Cooperation on Civil and Commercial Legal Cases between the China's Mainland and the HK Macao SAR and their Perfection

作　　者：宋锡祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《上海大学学报（社会科学版）》2009年第6期78-95,共18页Journal of Shanghai University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：上海市教委科研创新重点项目(09ZS75);上海外国语大学重大项目(KX161015)

摘　　要：自香港、澳门回归以来,我国已正式形成并已认可的三个民商事法域,即一是内地作为中国主体的具有中国特色的社会主义法域,二是具有英美法系特色实行资本主义制度的香港特别行政区法域,三是具有大陆法系特色实行资本主义制度的澳门特别行政区法域。在"一国两制"条件下,中国内地与港澳经贸关系日益密切,且司法合作不断取得新的成果,先后签署了六个制度性"安排"。通过多年的审判实践,内地中级人民法院及其授权基层法院审理涉港澳案件的经验基本成熟,其公正和效率得到了港澳同胞的认可,一些刻意规避内地法院审判、内地法律的情形已基本杜绝。但由于特殊的社会历史背景和法律传统及法系差异等诸多原因,至今在某些制度性安排方面还不尽如人意,尤其是在民商事判决和仲裁裁决的互相认可与执行方面存在某些不足与缺陷,如内地与香港民商事判决的认可与执行的范围过于狭窄,两地之间的取证制度尚未建立,仲裁裁决的相互认可与执行仅限于商事领域,与现实延伸至民事领域不符,并缺乏单独认可程序。内地与港澳地区的司法协助实践远没有取得令人满意的成果,也与日益加快的区域之间的经贸发展与合作需求不尽相称。因此,我们需要不断总结经验,与时俱进,不断改进与完善已有的司法协助方面的制度性"安排",如扩大安排协助的范围,正视管辖权问题,统一管辖权审查标准,避免管辖权冲突,解决内地判决的确定性问题,明确公共秩序保留原则的使用,构建民商事取证制度,弥补内地与香港在司法协助领域的空白,添加专门的认可制度,扩大司法协助的范围,认可与执行香港的临时仲裁,调整有关执行仲裁的程序,探讨立法和司法实践所面临的主要法律问题,并提出相应的立法改进措施。Since the return of Hong Kong and Macao, China has ceremonially formed three recognizable civil and commercial legal regions, i.e. one socialistic legal region of China＇s mainland with Chinese characteristics, two the Hong Kong SAR legal region with the capitalistic Anglo-American common law system, and three the Macao SAR region with the capitalistic continental legal system. Under the condition of the ＂ One Country, Two Systems＂ , China＇s mainland, Hong Kong and Macao have developed closer economic and trade relations and continuously made new achievements in the regional judicial cooperation. Six systematic ＂arrange-ments＂ were signed in succession. Through many years of trial practice, the experience of hearing cases involving Hong Kong and Macao of Intermediate People＇s Court in the mainland and its authorized grassroots courts are becoming basically mature. Their fairness and efficiency are widely recognized by Hong Kong and Macao compatriots. Some situations of deliberately circumventing mainland courts trial and case law in the mainland have been basically eliminated. But due to special social and historical background and differences in legal traditions, legal systems and many other reasons, so far, some institutional arrangements are not satisfactory; especially there are still certain deficiencies and shortcomings in the mutual recognition and implementation of civil and commercial judgments and arbitral awards. For example, recognition and implementation of judgments in civil and commercial matters in the mainland and Hong Kong are too narrow in scope; the evidence system between the two places has not been established ; mutual recognition and implementation of arbitral award is only limited to the commercial field, which does not match reality extended to the civilian sector, and is lack of a separate accreditation process. The judicial assistance practice between the mainland, Hong Kong and Macao has not achieved satisfactory results, and is entirely commensurate with the need of the e

关 键 词：中国内地 香港和澳门特别行政区 区际司法协助 立法模式 制度构建 区际私法 

分 类 号：D997[政治法律—国际法学]