长期施用无机肥对红壤旱地养分和结构及花生产量的影响  

EFFECT OF LONG-TERM INORGANIC FERTILIZATION ON SOIL NUTRIENT AND STRUCTURE AND PEANUT YIELD IN UPLAND RED SOIL

作　　者：姜灿烂[1,2] 何园球[1] 李辉信[2] 李成亮[1] 刘晓利[1] 陈平帮[1,2] 王艳玲[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008 [2]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京210095 [3]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,南京210044

出　　处：《土壤学报》2009年第6期1102-1109,共8页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40671108)资助

摘　　要：利用中国科学院红壤生态试验站20a长期肥料定位实验，研究了长期施用无机肥对红壤旱地养分和结构及花生产量的影响。结果表明：不同无机肥处理花生果产量分布为：氮磷钾处理〉氮磷钾钙处理〉磷钾处理〉氮磷处理〉氮钾处理，各处理间差异显著，并以长期缺施磷肥对花生果产量影响最大。除全钾含量外，土壤中氮、磷养分全量与有效磷、交换钾含量均较土壤初始值有一定程度的上升。长期单施无机肥土壤有机质含量较土壤初始值增加了4．6～6．62g kg^-1。与有机肥和无机肥配施处理比较，单施无机肥土壤〉0．25mm水稳性大团聚体含量显著减少，团聚体破坏率提高了9．38％～16．56％，平均重量直径减少了0．15～0．18mm。长期施用无机肥可以提高土壤养分含量从而有效地提高花生果产量，但另一方面其对土壤结构造成的破坏也影响了花生产量的提高，选用有机肥无机肥配施可以改善这种情况。Effect of inorganic fertilization on soil nutrient, soil structure and peanut yield was studied by a 20a＇ longterm experiment in the Red Soil Ecological Experiment Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Results show that the peanut yield of inorganic fertilization treatments followed the order of NPK 〉 NPKCa 〉 PK 〉 NP 〉 NK. The difference among treatments was quite significant, showing peanut yield was significantly affected by the no-P treatment, besides slight decrease in soil total potassium, Inorganic fertilization increased the contents of soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium to some extents as compared with their initial values. Organic matter increased in all the treatments by 4.6 - 6.62 g kg^-1. Compared with long-term organic-inorganic fertilization, the inorganic fertilization significantly decreased the content of 〉 0.25 mm water-stable aggregates, increased the soil aggregate breakage rate by 9.38%- 16.56% , and reduced the mean weight diameter by 0. 15 -0. 18 mm. On the one hand, long-term inorganic fertilization improved soil nutrient contents and peanut yield, on the other hand it ruined the soil structure, which consequently affected soil nutrient availability and peanut yield. Long-term inorganic-organic fertilization might probably improve this situation.

关 键 词：无机肥 红壤旱地 花生产量 土壤肥力 土壤结构 

分 类 号：S152.3[农业科学—土壤学]