医院内感染病原菌回顾性调查及其耐药性研究  

Retrospective review and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria causing nosocomial infection

作　　者：李建华[1] 王玉明[2] 张力燕[1] 王华[1] 宋丰贵[1] 

机构地区：[1]昆明医学院第一附属医院呼吸内科,650032 [2]昆明医学院第一附属医院检验科,650032

出　　处：《国际呼吸杂志》2009年第21期1314-1316,共3页International Journal of Respiration

摘　　要：目的了解我院近2年医院感染病原菌的分布及其耐药性。方法采用回顾性调查方法，对3944株病原菌进行统计分析。结果革兰阳性球菌1078株，占27．3％；革兰阴性杆菌2866株，占72．7％。产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌2年平均检出率分别为36．5％和27．9％。革兰阳性球菌对青霉素、苯唑西林、头孢唑啉、阿莫西林／克拉维酸、红霉素、复方新诺明、环丙沙星的2年平均耐药率达84．5％；革兰阴性杆菌对氨苄西林2年平均耐药率达96．0％，对头孢噻肟、头孢吡肟、庆大霉素、复方新诺明、环丙沙星、氨曲南的2年平均耐药率达52．7％。结论2年来，医院感染病原菌革兰阴性杆菌增加，革兰阳性球菌不变。细菌耐药性不断增强，临床应加强对抗菌药物使用的干预。Objective To evaluate the distribution and drugs resistance of pathogens causing nosocomial infection over 2 recent years in the hospital. Methods A total of 3 944 strains of pathogens were analyzed statistically by retrospective study. Results Among 3 944 strains of pathogens, 1 078 were gram-positive cocci （27.3 % ） and 2 866 were gram-negative bacilli （72.7 % ）. Over the 2 years, the detection rates of extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sppl were 36.5% and 27.9%, respectively. The average resistance rate of gram-positive cocci to penicillin, oxacillin, cefazolin, erythromycin,co-trimoxazole and ciprofloxaein over the 2 years were up to 84.5%. The average resistance rate of gram-negative bacilli to ampicillin was 96.0% and to cefotaxime, cefepime, gentamycin, co-trimoxazole,ciprofloxacin and aztreonam were 52.7% in 2 years. Conclusions Over the 2 years,gram- negative bacilliin strains causing hospital nosocomial infections increased,gram-positive cocci strains remain stable. In view of the increasing drug resistance, rational use of antimicrobial agents should be stressed in the clinic.

关 键 词：医院感染 革兰阳性球菌 革兰阴性杆菌 抗菌药物 耐药性 

分 类 号：R446.5[医药卫生—诊断学]