低氧预适应结合高原训练对游泳运动员身体机能的影响  

Effect of Hypoxic Pre-conditioning and Altitude Training on Physical Functions of Swimmers

作　　者：高欢[1] 高炳宏[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海体育科学研究所,上海200030

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2009年第6期62-65,共4页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：上海市体育局重点科技攻关项目(08JT028)

摘　　要：将2周低氧适应性训练与4周高原训练相结合,以上海游泳队6名女子游泳运动员为研究对象,探讨该训练模式对运动员身体机能的影响。研究结果表明,与纯粹高原训练模式不同,高原训练第3、4周红细胞计数、血红蛋白仍维持在较高水平且高于实验前,HCT较高原第1、2周降幅较大,同时,血清铁蛋白均在一定范围内波动并无大幅下降,提示高原训练阶段机体氧运输能力得到提高、血液浓缩趋势缓解且铁代谢基本稳定。低氧第1周白细胞计数升高,低氧第2周至高原第2周持续下降,高原第3、4周有所回升,3个白细胞亚群对低氧及高原训练的反应并不同步。这一结果与其他仅高原训练研究结果近似。血睾水平在高原第3周即大幅回升,高原第4周下降但仍高于高原前水平,这一结果与仅高原训练的研究结果有较大不同。血浆皮质醇高原前3周持续升高,但第4周大幅下降且低于高原前,同时T/C为6周以来的最大值。结论:2周模拟低氧训练与4周高原训练相结合这一训练模式对机体的刺激与常规的高原训练有所不同,具体表现在高原训练后2周血睾、血红蛋白均上升至较高水平,白细胞数目回升,而皮质醇在高原第4周下降。以上结果表明,2周模拟低氧训练这一预适应过程,加速了运动员对高原训练阶段的适应,提示,该训练模式对于提高运动员高原训练阶段身体机能状态具有积极作用。The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of altitude training and hypoxic pre-conditioning on physical function of 6 female swimmers from Shanghai swim team. It was founded that ： 1 ） Compared with normal altitude training, RBC and HGB were kept in a high level in the third and forth week of altitude training. HGB of the third altitude training week increased significantly and HCT of this week was lower than last two weeks. Serum ferritin levels have no big changes in our experiment. 2）WBC of the first hypoxic training week increased a little, and then, it come down in the next two weeks. In the third and forth week of altitude training, WBC has gone up again. Three white cell subsets have different reaction. This result is similar with other researches. 3）T increased a lot in the third and forth week of altitude training and was higher than training before. Compared with the third week, T was a little lower in the forth week. C kept a rise trend in three altitude training week but it come down a tot in the forth altitude training week. These results suggest that the effect of our altitude training method takes a different stimulation compared with normal altitude training. Mainly presented ： T and HGB kept in a high level in the third and forth week of altitude training. WBC increased also. C decreased a lot in the forth week of altitude. These showed that two weeks hypoxic training accelerated the adaption to altitude training. It suggested that our method took good effects on improving physical functions in altitude training period.

关 键 词：高原训练 低氧预适应 身体机能 游泳 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]