乌鲁木齐市地表灰尘重金属含量及其健康风险  

Concentrations and Health Risk Assessment of Urban Surface Dust in Urumqi

作　　者：刘玉燕[1] 刘浩峰 刘敏[3] 

机构地区：[1]新疆昌吉学院化工系,新疆昌吉831100 [2]新疆昌吉州环境监测站,新疆昌吉831100 [3]华东师范大学地理系,上海200062

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2009年第5期750-754,共5页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40611171);新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划项目(XJEDU2006S33)

摘　　要：通过实地调查,对乌鲁木齐市地表灰尘重金属进行研究。结果表明：Cr,Cu,Pb,Zn平均含量分别超出相应自然土壤背景值2.31～7.98倍,Mn,Fe含量与背景值差别不大,说明Cr,Cu,Pb,Zn主要来自人为输入,Mn,Fe主要来自自然输入。手-口接触行为是人体摄入地表灰尘重金属的主要途径,其次为皮肤吸收和呼吸吸入。重金属对人体的非致癌风险表现为：Cr〉Pb〉Cu〉Zn;且儿童的非致癌风险要大于成人。但总体来看,乌鲁木齐市地表灰尘重金属非致癌风险较小,不会对城市人群造成明显的健康危害;重金属Cr目前尚未形成致癌风险,但其潜在生态危害值得重视。In this paper, the contents of heavy metals in urban dust and their health risk in Urumqi are researched. The results show that the average contents of Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in urban surface dust in Urumqi are 2.31 ～ 7.98 times higher than the setting values of the corresponding natural soils, but the difference between the contents of Mn and Fe and the setting values of the corresponding natural soils is not so high. These reveal that the Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in urban surface dust in Urumqi come mainly from human activities, but the Mn and Fe are natural. Heavy metals in urban surface dust are mainly ingested by human bodies through hand-mouth ingestion, and then through skin absorption and breath suction. The risk of heavy metals to people＇s health is in an order of Cr 〉 Pb 〉 Cu 〉 Zn, and it is higher for children than for adults. Collectively, the non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals in urban surface dust in Urumqi is relatively low, and there is no obvious hazard to people＇s health. Currently, the carcinogenic risk of Cr is not formed yet, but its potential ecological hazard should be paid more attention to.

关 键 词：乌鲁木齐 地表灰尘 重金属 健康风险 

分 类 号：X503[环境科学与工程—环境工程]