爱玉子花的变异类型及其相关统计分析  

Variation in Types of Flowers of Ficus awkeotsang and Related Statistical Analysis

作　　者：吴文珊[1] 陈友铃[1] 方丽娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学生命科学学院,福州350108

出　　处：《植物学报》2009年第5期546-555,共10页Chinese Bulletin of Botany

基　　金：福建省科技厅重点资助项目(No.2008I0014);福建师范大学生物学国家级实验教学示范中心学生创新性研究项目(No.2009ls006)

摘　　要：该文报道了爱玉子(Ficus awkeotsang)花序中存在变异花的现象,并通过花序解剖观测及数据统计分析方法,研究比较雌、雄花序中变异花的类型、不同品系的花序变异率以及单花序中变异花的数量,了解变异花发育过程、变异花与传粉小蜂之间的相互关系,以及变异花对爱玉子产量造成的影响。结果表明:爱玉子变异花在形态上有单生与伞形花序状2种类型,雌花序中的变异花分布在雌花区和退化花区;雄花序中的变异花均生长在瘿花区。雌花序中伞形花序状的A型变异花影响传粉小蜂对正常雌花的授粉,与正常雌花争夺养分和生长空间从而影响正常雌花的生长发育,大量A型变异花的存在使未授粉的雌花序延迟凋落或挂树不落,造成养分流失。雌性品系太和6、太7、W13、乐野8、日野20和大洋Z106的花序中A型变异花数量较多,对产量有一定的影响。除A型外的其它类型的变异花,由于数量少且结构简单,或发育后熟,对传粉小蜂的传粉、产卵以及花序的发育、成熟没有显著影响。无论是雌性品系还是雄性品系,以扦插苗繁殖方式形成的植株,其花序变异率高于以实生苗繁殖方式形成的植株。以上研究结果为高产优质爱玉子品系的选育提供了一定的依据,且对于爱玉子的栽培和推广有着重要的指导意义。This paper reports the varied flowers in syconia of Ficus awkeotsang Makino. We used anatomic observation and statistical analysis to analyze the variation in female and male flowers, mutation rate of different strains and number of varied flowers per syconia in syconia from 24 female and 16 male strains. We also discuss the relation between flower variation and pollinating wasp activity or yield of F. awkeotsang by observing flower development. The results revealed 2 types of flowers in morphology： （A） an umbrella inflorescence shape and （B） solitary. The varied flowers in female syconia grew in the female flower area and degenerated flower area, with female, female degradation or hermaphrodite degradation. The varied flowers in male syconia grew in the gall flower area with 95.68% male structure and 4.32% female structure. The A type varied flowers with umbrella-inflorescence shape in female syconia affected pollination by fig wasps in normal female flowers, required more nutrients and growth space, and affected growth and development of normal female flowers. With a large number of type A flowers, unpollinated female syconia show delayed litter fall or hanging on the trees and loss of nutrients. Syconia of TH6, T7, W13, LY8, RY20 and DYZ106 of female strains showed increased type A flowers that may have an effect on yield. Because of their small amount, simple structure or late maturing, other types of varied flowers had no significant effect on fig-wasp pollination, oviposition or development, or maturation of syconia. The syconia mutation rate of plants formed by the reproductive mode of cutting seedlings was higher than that of seedlings in either female strains or male strains. Research into varied flowers has significance for breeding in terms of high yield, quality of the F. awkeotsang strain and its cultivation and extension.

关 键 词：爱玉子 传粉 品系 变异花 

分 类 号：S792.99[农业科学—林木遗传育种]